KLiC Photoshop, Corel, Adobe

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KLiC Photoshop, Corel, Adobe

Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. for Windows and macOS. It was originally created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, the software has become the industry standard not only in raster graphics editing, but in digital art as a whole. The software’s name is often colloquially used as a verb (e.g. “to photo shop an image”, “photo shopping”, and “photoshop contest”)although Adobe discourages such use. Photoshop can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and supports masks, alpha compositing and several color models including RGB, CMYK, CIELAB, spot color, and duotone. Photoshop uses its own PSD and PSB file formats to support these features. In addition to raster graphics, Photoshop has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics (especially through clipping path for the latter), as well as 3D graphics and video. Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins; programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that run inside it and offer new or enhanced features.

Photoshop’s naming scheme was initially based on version numbers. However, in October 2002 (following the introduction of Creative Suite branding), each new version of Photoshop was designated with “CS” plus a number; e.g., the eighth major version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through CS6 were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and Extended. With the introduction of the Creative Cloud branding in June 2013 (and in turn, the change of the “CS” suffix to “CC“), Photoshop’s licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service subscription model. Historically, Photoshop was bundled with additional software such as Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Device Central and Adobe Camera RAW.

Alongside Photoshop, Adobe also develops and publishes Photoshop Elements, Photoshop Light room, Photoshop Express, Photoshop Fix, Adobe Illustrator, and Photoshop Mix. As of November 2019, Adobe has also released a full version of Photoshop for the iPad, and while initially limited, Adobe plans to bring more features to Photoshop for iPad, Collectively, they are branded as “The Adobe Photoshop Family”.

Photoshop was developed in 1987 by two brothers Thomas and John Knoll, who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988. Thomas Knoll, a Ph.D. student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program (at that time called Display) caught the attention of his brother John, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended that Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six-month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the name was already taken. Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a “total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped” this way.

During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple Computer and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing code. Photoshop 1.0 was released on February 19, 1990, for Macintosh exclusively. The Barneyscan version included advanced color editing features that were stripped from the first Adobe shipped version. The handling of color slowly improved with each release from Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the industry standard in digital color editing. At the time Photoshop 1.0 was released, digital retouching on dedicated high-end systems (such as the Scitex) cost around $300 an hour for basic photo retouching. The list price of Photoshop 1.0 for Macintosh in 1990 was $895.

Photoshop was initially only available on Macintosh. In 1993, Adobe chief architect Seetharaman Narayanan ported Photoshop to Microsoft Windows. The Windows port led to Photoshop reaching a wider mass market audience as Microsoft’s global reach expanded within the next few years. On March 31, 1995, Adobe purchased the rights for Photoshop from Thomas and John Knoll for $34.5 million so Adobe would no longer need to pay a royalty for each copy sold.

Photoshop files have default file extension as .PSD, which stands for “Photoshop Document”. A PSD file stores an image with support for all features of Photoshop; these include layers with masks, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g., .JPG or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30,000 pixels, and a length limit of two gigabytes.

From the beginning, Photoshop could save files in other formats, including TIF, JPEG, and GIF. These files are smaller than PSD files because they lack the editable features of a PSD file. These formats are required to use the file in publications or on the web. Adobe’s discontinued program Page Maker required TIF format.

Photoshop can also create and use files with the extension .PSB, which stands for “Photoshop Big” (also known as “large document format”). A PSB file extends the PSD file format, increasing the maximum height and width to 300,000 pixels and the length limit to around 4 Exabytes. The dimension limit was apparently chosen arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on computer arithmetic constraints (it is not close to a power of two, as is 30,000) but for ease of software testing. PSD and PSB formats are documented.

Because of Photoshop’s popularity, PSD files are widely used and supported to some extent by most competing software, including GIMP and Affinity Photo. The .PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe’s other apps, such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After Effects.

Cowpland Research Laboratory”) is a Canadian software company headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, specializing in graphics processing. It is known for producing software titles such as CorelDRAW, and for acquiring AfterShot Pro, PaintShop Pro, Painter, Video Studio and WordPerfect.

Corel was founded by Michael Cowpland in 1985 as a research laboratory. Michael Cowpland was CEO of Mitel. Mitel needed writing and creative design programs to enhance the company product line. Corel products were born. Additional products were added. The company had great success early in the high-tech boom of the 1990s and early 2000s with the product CorelDRAW, and became, for a time, the biggest software company in Canada. In 1996, it acquired Novell WordPerfect and started competing with the thought of being “Pepsi to Microsoft’s Coke”as Microsoft Word was the top-used word processing software at the time. Corel was in a difficult position as Microsoft pushed pre-loaded copies of its software onto new computers. This mainly consisted of Microsoft Works office applications, but a variant called Works Suite also bundled the Microsoft Word software.

The company held the naming rights to the home arena for the NHL’s Ottawa Senators from February 1996 until January 2006 as the “Corel Centre”, a venue currently known as the Canadian Tire Centre.

In 1996, Corel created a Full motion video game called Mode.

In 1997, Corel sold its Corel ChemLab studio and its “CD Home Collection” consisting of over 60 multimedia titles to Hoffmann + Associates, a Toronto-based company. As part of the deal, Corel acquired a minority interest in Hoffmann + Associates and received royalties.

In August 2000, Cowpland was accused of insider trading and left. A new board of directors was then appointed and Derek Burney Jr., announced that the product line would be split into several brands—DeepWhite, ProCreate, and Corel. However, these plans were scrapped, and only the Corel brand remained. Corel acquired the graphics software company Micrografx in late 2001.

In August 2003, Corel was bought out by the private equity firm Vector Capital for $1.05 a share (slightly more than the cash in the company). The company was voluntarily delisted from the NASDAQ and Toronto Stock Exchanges. Some U.S. shareholders alleged the management benefited from the buyout personally while the buyout price was too low. A lawsuit was filed in the U.S. to stop the buyout and was unsuccessful.

In March 2005, Corel announced that the United States Justice Department purchased 50,000 licenses of WordPerfect (adding to the worldwide user base of 20 million) and that WordPerfect was adding 4 million new users per year thanks to bundling deals with Dell. Corel contended that WordPerfect was the only viable alternative to Microsoft Office, with sales 70 times more than Lotus’ Smart Suite. On April 26, 2006, Corel completed its return to the public market with an initial public offering on NASDAQ, the same day finalizing the acquisition of WinZip, an archiving software title.

On December 12, 2006, Corel completed its acquisitions of InterVideo and Ulead. The InterVideo acquisition was valued at around $196 million. In May 2008, CEO David Dobson announced that he was leaving the company to take a senior strategy role at Pitney Bowes. Dobson was replaced on May 8 by former Symantec executive Kris Hagerman. In November 2009, it was announced that Vector Capital would be purchasing the remaining shares of common stock in Corel Corporation. Upon completion, this made Corel once again privately owned. On January 29, 2010, the shareholders of Corel approved its previously announced stock consolidation, completing the transfer to Corel Holdings, L.P., a limited partnership controlled by an affiliate of Vector Capital.

In January 2012, Corel acquired Roxio from Rovi Corporation for an undisclosed amount. Subsequently on July 2, 2012, Corel announced its acquisition of Pinnacle Systems, a developer of consumer-oriented video editing products (such as the Pinnacle Studio series) owned by Avid.

Having suffered layoffs in 2003 and 2008, Corel began a near yearly culture of restructuring beginning in 2010, when in the latter part of that year the company’s finance department was restructured and moved to their Taipei office, resulting in significant layoffs at its Ottawa HQ. Restructuring in 2012 resulted in more layoffs. In December 2013, the company’s restructuring resulted in the layoffs of the Taipei locations engineering and quality assurance team. Corel’s Taipei office was the core development centre of PaintShop Pro and VideoStudio, one of the company’s most well-known photo- and video-editing bundles. The 2013 restructuring led to a partial handover of product development to outsourced companies, resulting in more rapid, low-cost development across its product lines. The company continued with layoffs in 2014 and once again at the beginning of 2015 with the change of the company’s CEO to Patrick Nichols, previously the head of Corel’s WinZip business unit.

In August 2016, Corel announced the acquisition of the Mindjet MindManager business from Spigit.

In June 2018, Corel announced the acquisition of Gravit GmbH.

In December 2018, Corel announced the acquisition of Parallels.

On July 3, 2019, Corel was acquired by KKR.

In September 2020, Christa Quarles was named the CEO of the company.

In 2021, Prashant Ketkar was named the Chief Technology and Product Officer of the company.

In September 2022, Corel is rebranded to Alludo (wordplay on the phrase “All You Do”).

• Corel Chess  – using a chess engine developed by Don Dailey and Larry Kaufman
• Corel Designer – Formerly Micrografx Designer, professional technical illustration software.
• Corel Digital Studio – a set of four applications: PaintShop Photo Express (a light version of Paint Shop Pro), VideoStudio Express (video-editing software), DVD Factory (DVD burning and converting software), WinDVD (DVD player software).
• CorelDRAW – A vector graphics editor.
• Corel Graphics Suite – Combination of CorelDRAW, PhotoPaint, and Capture.
• Corel Home Office – an office suite based on Ability Office 5 and also bundling Corel’s WinZip software. It is incompatible with Corel’s own WordPerfect file formats.
• Corel KnockOut – Professional image masking plug-in.
• Corel Paint It! Touch – Drawing and painting software created specifically for the Windows 8 touchscreen PCs.
• Corel Painter – a program that emulates natural media – paint, crayons, brushes etc (formerly Fractal Painter).
• Corel Photo Album – A sophisticated program for organizing digital photographs, inherited from Jasc Software.
• Corel Photo-Paint – A bitmap graphics program comparable to Adobe Photoshop, bundled with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite.
• Corel SnapFire – A digital photo management suite, positioned to compete with Google’s Picasa offering, later developed and marketed as Corel MediaOne.
• Corel Ventura – Desktop publishing software that had a large and loyal following for its DOS version when Corel acquired it in the early 1990s. It was briefly revived in 2002.
• Corel Linux OS (discontinued)  – One of the first GUI-based distributions of Linux incorporating an automatic installation program in 1999.
• CorelCAD – 2D and 3D computer-aided drafting software.

• AfterShot Pro – Photo management software, based on Bibble after the acquisition of Bibble Labs in 2012.
• Avid Studio – A video and audio editor specializing in production technology. Avid Studio was renamed Pinnacle Studio in September 2012.
• Bryce – Software for creating 3D landscapes. Sold in 2004 to DAZ Productions.
• Clearslide
• Click and Create – A game development tool created by Clickteam that was also sold as The Games Factory. Click and Create 2 was sold to IMSI who released it as Multimedia Fusion.
• MindJet MindManager – In August 2016, Corel purchased Mindjet as per announcement.
• PaintShop Pro – In October 2004, Corel purchased Jasc Software, developer of this budget-priced bitmap graphics editing program.
• Paradox – A relational database acquired from Borland and bundled with WordPerfect Office Professional Edition.
• Parallels – a range of virtualization products, sold as Parallels Desktop for Mac, Parallels Server for Mac, Parallels Workstation, and Parallels RAS.
• Quattro Pro – A spreadsheet program acquired from Borland and bundled with WordPerfect Office.
• VideoStudio – A digital video editing program originally developed by Ulead Systems which remains a distribution of Ulead Systems. The software was rebranded Corel VideoStudio since Corel acquired Ulead and it became a working division of Corel.
• MotionStudio 3D – A 3D text and animation program originally called Ulead COOL 3D and was developed by Ulead Systems. It was rebranded after Corel acquired Ulead.
• WinDVD – A video and music player software, acquired in 2006 from Corel’s purchase of InterVideo.
• WinZip computing inc. – An american computer optimizer software company acquired by Corel in 2006.
• WordPerfect – A word processing program acquired from Novell, and originally produced by WordPerfect Corporation.
• XMetaL – An XML editor acquired in the takeover of SoftQuad in 2001 and then sold to Blast Radius in 2004.
• Gravit Designer – A cross-platform vector graphics editor acquired in the takeover of Gravit GmbH in 2018.
• ClearSlide – Sales Engagement Platform, Sales Enablement + Engagement

Reviversoft, an american computer optimizer software company acquired by Corel in 2014. Simplestar, an american computer optimizer software company.

The annual Corel World Design Contest first ran from 1990 through 1998. The competition intended to recognize and encourage an international community of graphic artists from over 50,000,000 registered Corel users. Two finalists for each of the eight categories were awarded a trip to Ottawa, Canada to participate in the Corel World Design Contest gala and awards ceremony. The finalists from each of the eight categories received an issue of the “Corel Crystal Award”. The collection of artworks were later released in a catalogue with bundled CD, under the name of “Corel Artshow”. The contest was reinitiated in 2009 on the 20th Anniversary of CorelDRAW’s launch and now runs every two years. The 2013 and 2015 contests each had a prize pool with a total value of USD100,000.

Adobe Experience Cloud (AEC) is a collection of integrated online marketing and Web analytics solutions by Adobe Inc. It includes a set of analytics, social, advertising, media optimization, targeting, Web experience management and content management solutions. It includes:

Adobe Creative Cloud is the successor to Creative Suite. It is based on a software as a service model. It includes everything in Creative Suite 6 with the exclusion of Fireworks and Encore, as both applications were discontinued. It also introduced a few new programs, including Muse, Animate, InCopy and Story CC Plus.