Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

White Paper on Basics of Email and Innovations in Email Client Interfaces


Abstract

Email has become an indispensable communication tool in personal, academic, and professional settings. With evolving user needs and technological advancements, email clients have innovated to offer more efficient, organized, and secure user experiences. This paper covers the foundational aspects of email, including its basic structure and purpose, and explores the key innovations in email client interfaces that enhance productivity, usability, and security.


1. Introduction

Email is a widely used form of digital communication, essential for tasks ranging from personal messaging to complex business correspondences. Email clients, the software interfaces through which emails are sent and received, have significantly evolved since the advent of email. While the basics of email have remained constant, innovations in email client interfaces have transformed how users manage, organize, and secure their communications.


2. Basics of Email

2.1 Core Components of Email

  • Email Address: An address that identifies the sender or receiver, generally structured as username@domain.com.
  • Inbox: The folder where received emails are stored.
  • Subject Line: A brief summary of the email’s content.
  • Body: The main content of the email, which may include text, links, images, or attachments.
  • Attachments: Files attached to the email that can be downloaded by the recipient.

2.2 Email Protocols

2.3 Purpose of Email

Email serves as a versatile platform for:

  • Formal communication in professional or academic settings.
  • Sending and receiving digital documents and files.
  • Maintaining a written record of interactions.
  • Facilitating group discussions through distribution lists or group addresses.

3. Innovations in Email Client Interfaces

Over time, email clients have introduced several innovations aimed at improving user experience, productivity, and security. Below are some of the key areas where email clients have innovated:

3.1 User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) Enhancements

  • Intuitive Navigation and Design: Modern email clients, such as Gmail, Outlook, and Apple Mail, feature clean, user-friendly interfaces. These interfaces use intuitive icons and layouts that organize emails by categories (Primary, Social, Promotions).
  • Dark Mode: Many email clients now offer dark mode, which reduces eye strain and improves readability in low-light environments.
  • Swipe Actions: Mobile clients, especially, have incorporated swipe actions for quick tasks like archiving, deleting, or marking emails as read.

3.2 Advanced Organization and Filtering Tools

  • Automated Categorization and Folders: Emails can be categorized into primary, social, promotional, and spam folders automatically.
  • Labels and Tags: Labels or tags help users organize emails by topic, urgency, or importance without needing to move them to separate folders.
  • Customizable Filters: Users can set up rules that sort incoming emails based on keywords, senders, or other parameters, reducing inbox clutter.

3.3 Enhanced Security and Privacy Features

  • Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Modern email clients offer 2FA, adding an extra layer of security by requiring verification through SMS, email, or an authenticator app.
  • End-to-End Encryption: Email providers like ProtonMail offer encryption for messages, ensuring that only the sender and intended recipient can read the content.
  • Phishing Detection and Spam Filters: AI-powered algorithms detect and filter out potential phishing attempts, spam, and malware.

3.4 AI and Automation in Email Management

  • Smart Replies and Predictive Text: Email clients like Gmail offer AI-driven “smart replies” for faster responses and predictive text for composing emails.
  • Priority Inbox: AI identifies important emails based on past interactions and pushes them to the top of the inbox for quick access.
  • Scheduling and Reminders: Features like email scheduling allow users to send messages at a specific time, while reminders prompt follow-up actions for emails that require responses.

3.5 Collaborative and Integration Features

  • Integrated Calendars and Task Managers: Many email clients now integrate calendars and task managers, such as Google Calendar with Gmail, allowing users to set up meetings or tasks directly from their inbox.
  • In-App File Sharing: Email clients increasingly support file sharing through integrations with cloud storage services, such as OneDrive and Google Drive, allowing for quick access to attachments.
  • Video Conferencing Links: With remote work on the rise, platforms like Gmail and Outlook now provide direct links to video conferencing tools like Google Meet or Microsoft Teams, enhancing communication within emails.

3.6 Accessibility Features

  • Screen Reader Compatibility: Email clients offer screen reader support for users with visual impairments.
  • Voice Control: Some email clients support voice commands for hands-free navigation, especially beneficial for mobile users or individuals with mobility impairments.
  • Customizable Fonts and Display Settings: Adjustable font sizes and high-contrast settings make emails more accessible for users with visual needs.

4. Impact of Innovation in Email Clients

4.1 Enhanced Productivity and Efficiency

The use of automation, filtering, and predictive text has drastically reduced the time spent on email management, allowing users to focus on core tasks.

4.2 Improved Security and Compliance

With enhanced encryption, 2FA, and spam filters, email clients help users safeguard sensitive information, essential for business users who handle confidential data.

4.3 Increased Accessibility and Inclusivity

Features that improve accessibility make email usable for a more diverse range of users, helping organizations meet accessibility standards and foster inclusivity.

4.4 Better Collaboration and Workflow Integration

Integrations with calendars, task management tools, and video conferencing enhance the role of email as a central communication hub, making it easier to manage projects and coordinate with teams.


5. Future Directions in Email Client Innovation

The future of email clients will likely include:

  • AI-Driven Personalization: Future advancements may allow for even more tailored email experiences, with predictive insights based on user behavior.
  • Increased Integration with Emerging Technologies: Integration with other workplace tools and smart home devices could further streamline email management.
  • Enhanced Security Protocols: As data privacy becomes a more pressing concern, advanced encryption and decentralized email solutions are expected to grow in popularity.

6. Conclusion

Email remains a powerful and widely used communication tool, with continuous innovation enhancing its functionality and user experience. By leveraging AI, automation, enhanced security, and accessibility, modern email clients meet the diverse needs of users in personal and professional contexts. Innovations in email client interfaces not only improve productivity but also address critical needs for security and inclusivity, ensuring email remains relevant and effective in a connected world.


References

  • Gmail. (n.d.). Smart replies and AI features in Gmail. Retrieved from [https://gmail.com]
  • Microsoft Outlook. (n.d.). Productivity and security features in Outlook. Retrieved from [https://outlook.com]
  • ProtonMail. (n.d.). End-to-end encryption in email services. Retrieved from [https://protonmail.com]

What is required Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Basics of Email: Opening Email Client Innovations


1. Introduction to Email Basics

Email (electronic mail) is a method of exchanging digital messages over the internet. It is an essential communication tool used in personal, professional, and academic contexts. Understanding the basics of email is crucial for navigating this platform effectively.

1.1 Core Components of Email

  • Email Address: The unique identifier for sending and receiving emails, usually in the format username@domain.com.`
  • Inbox: The primary folder where incoming emails are stored.
  • Subject Line: A brief description of the email’s content, helping recipients prioritize their reading.
  • Body: The main content of the email, which can include text, images, links, or attachments.
  • Attachments: Files (documents, images, etc.) that can be included with the email for the recipient to download.

2. Email Client Overview

An email client is a software application that enables users to send, receive, and manage their emails. There are various types of email clients, including web-based clients (like Gmail and Outlook.com), desktop applications (like Microsoft Outlook and Thunderbird), and mobile apps.

2.1 Key Features of Email Clients

  • Sending and Receiving Emails: The fundamental function of any email client.
  • Organizing Emails: Options to categorize, label, and filter emails for better management.
  • Security Measures: Features like spam filtering, encryption, and two-factor authentication to protect user data.
  • Search Functionality: Tools to easily find specific emails based on keywords, dates, or senders.

3. Innovations in Opening Email Clients

As technology advances, email clients have implemented various innovations to enhance user experience, efficiency, and security. Here are some key innovations:

3.1 User Interface Enhancements

  • Simplified Design: Modern email clients often feature clean and intuitive layouts, making navigation easier for users of all experience levels.
  • Dark Mode: Provides a visually comfortable experience in low-light settings, reducing eye strain.

3.2 Advanced Search and Filtering

  • Smart Filters: Users can apply advanced filters to sort emails based on criteria such as sender, subject, or keywords.
  • Search Suggestions: Email clients offer suggestions as users type in the search bar, helping to locate specific messages quickly.

3.3 Automation Features

  • Smart Replies: Some email clients provide suggested responses based on the content of received emails, allowing for quicker replies.
  • Scheduled Sending: Users can write emails and schedule them to be sent at a specific date and time.

3.4 Integration with Other Tools

  • Calendar Integration: Many email clients allow users to manage calendar events directly from the email interface, simplifying scheduling tasks.
  • Task Management: Integration with task lists or to-do applications enables users to create reminders or tasks from emails.

3.5 Enhanced Security Measures

  • Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Many email clients now support 2FA, providing an extra layer of security during the login process.
  • Phishing Detection: Advanced algorithms help detect and filter out potential phishing emails, protecting users from scams.

3.6 Accessibility Improvements

  • Screen Reader Support: Email clients have improved compatibility with screen readers to assist users with visual impairments.
  • Voice Commands: Some email clients support voice commands for hands-free operation, making it easier for users with mobility challenges to manage their email.

4. Conclusion

Understanding the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces is essential for effective communication in today’s digital landscape. The advancements in design, security, automation, and accessibility have transformed how users interact with email, making it more user-friendly and efficient. Staying informed about these innovations will help users maximize the potential of their email communications.


References

  • Gmail Help Center. (n.d.). Gmail Features. Retrieved from Gmail
  • Microsoft Outlook Support. (n.d.). Get Started with Outlook. Retrieved from Outlook
  • ProtonMail. (n.d.). Security Features. Retrieved from ProtonMail

Who is required Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Understanding the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces is important for various groups of people. Here’s an overview of who may require this knowledge:

1. General Users

  • Everyday Email Users: Individuals who use email for personal communication, such as family and friends, need to understand how to use email clients effectively to send and receive messages.
  • Students: Students at all levels, from primary school to university, often use email for communication with peers and instructors. Familiarity with email basics helps them manage academic correspondence efficiently.

2. Professionals

  • Employees and Employers: In a professional setting, employees use email to communicate with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders. Understanding email client innovations can enhance productivity and streamline communication processes.
  • Remote Workers: As remote work becomes more common, professionals need to effectively manage email communications, especially in collaborative environments where email serves as a primary communication tool.

3. IT and Support Staff

  • IT Professionals: Those responsible for managing email systems within organizations need to stay updated on the latest innovations to implement security measures and improve user experience.
  • Technical Support Teams: Support staff must be familiar with email clients to assist users in troubleshooting issues, providing guidance on new features, and addressing security concerns.

4. Educators and Trainers

  • Teachers and Trainers: Educators can benefit from understanding email basics to effectively communicate with students and parents. They may also teach students how to use email professionally.
  • Corporate Trainers: Professionals conducting training sessions on communication tools must have a good grasp of email innovations to teach best practices.

5. Marketers and Business Communicators

  • Marketing Professionals: Those involved in email marketing need to understand the features of email clients to optimize their campaigns and ensure effective communication with clients.
  • Public Relations and Communication Teams: Professionals in these roles must know how to leverage email for effective outreach, news dissemination, and crisis communication.

6. Accessibility Advocates

  • Advocates for People with Disabilities: Those working in accessibility need to be aware of innovations in email clients that enhance usability for individuals with various disabilities.

Conclusion

A wide range of individuals and professionals benefit from understanding the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces. By enhancing their knowledge, they can improve their communication skills, productivity, and overall effectiveness in using email as a communication tool.

When is required Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Understanding the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces is required in various contexts and situations. Here are some key scenarios when this knowledge is essential:

1. Onboarding New Users

  • New Employees: During the onboarding process, new employees need training on using email clients effectively to ensure smooth communication within the organization.
  • Students: Schools and universities often provide orientation sessions to help students familiarize themselves with email as a primary communication tool.

2. Starting a New Role

  • Career Transitions: When individuals switch jobs or enter new industries, they may need to learn different email protocols and features specific to their new organization.
  • Freelancers and Contractors: Those who start freelancing or contracting may need to establish effective communication with clients via email.

3. Adapting to New Technology

  • Software Updates: When email clients undergo significant updates or feature changes, users must learn how to navigate and utilize these innovations effectively.
  • Adoption of New Email Clients: Organizations transitioning to new email clients (e.g., moving from a desktop client to a web-based solution) require training on the new platform.

4. Improving Productivity

  • Workshops and Training Sessions: Businesses often hold training sessions to improve employee productivity, during which the basics of email and innovations are highlighted.
  • Time Management Initiatives: Understanding email client features can help users manage their time more effectively, such as using calendar integrations or task management tools.

5. Enhancing Communication Skills

  • Professional Development: Individuals seeking to enhance their communication skills in a professional context may benefit from learning about email best practices and innovations.
  • Customer Service Training: Customer service representatives often receive training on effective email communication to provide timely and clear responses to customer inquiries.

6. Addressing Security Concerns

  • Security Awareness Programs: As cyber threats increase, organizations may hold training sessions on recognizing phishing attempts and utilizing security features within email clients.
  • Data Protection Compliance: When organizations implement new data protection policies, understanding email security features becomes crucial for compliance.

7. Accessibility Improvements

Conclusion

The requirement to understand the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces arises in various situations, from onboarding new users to adapting to new technologies and enhancing productivity. By being knowledgeable in these areas, users can communicate more effectively and securely in both personal and professional contexts.

Where is required Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Understanding the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces is required in various settings and locations. Here are key areas where this knowledge is essential:

1. Educational Institutions

  • Schools and Universities: Students and faculty members need to be proficient in using email for communication related to coursework, assignments, and administrative matters.
  • Training Programs: Workshops or courses offered by educational institutions to teach students and staff about effective email communication.

2. Workplaces

  • Corporate Offices: Employees in all departments must use email for internal and external communication, making it essential to understand how to navigate email clients effectively.
  • Remote Work Environments: With the rise of remote work, employees rely on email clients for daily communication with teams, managers, and clients.

3. Customer Service Centers

  • Support Teams: Customer service representatives use email clients to communicate with customers, making knowledge of email basics and innovations crucial for effective service.

4. Nonprofit Organizations

  • Volunteers and Staff: Nonprofits often rely on email for outreach, fundraising, and communication among team members. Understanding email innovations can help them maximize their efforts.

5. Government Offices

  • Public Service Employees: Government employees frequently use email to communicate with citizens and other departments, necessitating a good understanding of email practices and security.

6. Healthcare Facilities

  • Medical Staff and Administrators: Email is often used for communicating with patients and other healthcare professionals, making it essential to understand privacy and security features.

7. Events and Conferences

  • Event Coordinators: Professionals planning events often rely on email for communication with attendees, sponsors, and vendors. Knowing email innovations helps streamline communication.

8. Community Organizations

  • Clubs and Societies: Community groups use email to coordinate activities, share news, and communicate with members, requiring knowledge of email basics and features.

9. Online Platforms

  • Social Media and Community Forums: Users may need to manage email communications related to their online accounts, requiring an understanding of email management and innovations.

Conclusion

The requirement for knowledge about the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces spans various locations, including educational institutions, workplaces, customer service centers, nonprofit organizations, government offices, healthcare facilities, and more. Mastering these skills enables individuals to communicate effectively and securely in diverse contexts.

How is required Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Understanding the basics of email and the innovations in email client interfaces is necessary through various methods and approaches. Here’s how this knowledge is acquired and applied:

1. Training Programs and Workshops

  • Organized Training Sessions: Companies and educational institutions often conduct formal training sessions to teach users how to navigate email clients, emphasizing features and best practices.
  • Workshops: Hands-on workshops allow participants to practice using email clients, focusing on innovations and features that enhance productivity.

2. Online Courses and Tutorials

  • E-Learning Platforms: Websites like Coursera, Udemy, and LinkedIn Learning offer courses on email basics and client innovations that users can take at their own pace.
  • Video Tutorials: YouTube and other video-sharing platforms host tutorials that explain how to use various email clients and their innovative features.

3. User Manuals and Documentation

  • Email Client Help Sections: Most email clients, such as Gmail or Outlook, provide comprehensive help sections and documentation that guide users through the basic functionalities and new features.
  • User Guides: Written manuals and guides can be distributed in organizations to help employees familiarize themselves with email clients and updates.

4. Peer Learning and Collaboration

  • Mentoring: More experienced users can mentor others in using email effectively, sharing tips and tricks for utilizing innovations in email clients.
  • Team Collaboration: Teams can collaborate to share best practices for email management, ensuring everyone is aware of the latest features.

5. Continuous Learning

  • Keeping Up with Updates: Users need to stay informed about the latest updates and features released by email clients, which often includes reading release notes or tech blogs.
  • Community Forums and Support Groups: Engaging in online communities or forums can provide insights into email client innovations, troubleshooting, and best practices from other users.

6. Practical Application

  • Real-World Use: Regularly using email clients for personal and professional communication helps users become proficient over time, learning through experience.
  • Experimentation: Encouraging users to explore different features within their email clients fosters familiarity and confidence in using new functionalities.

7. Security and Compliance Training

  • Workshops on Security Practices: Organizations often provide training on email security practices, focusing on recognizing phishing attempts and utilizing security features.
  • Data Protection Policies: Training on compliance with data protection laws may require understanding how to manage sensitive information in emails effectively.

Conclusion

The knowledge of email basics and innovations in email client interfaces is acquired through various methods, including training programs, online courses, user manuals, peer learning, and practical application. By employing these strategies, individuals can enhance their email communication skills and leverage the latest innovations to improve productivity and security in their email practices.

Case Study on Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Case Study: Basics of Email and Opening Email Client Innovations

Introduction

This case study examines a mid-sized technology company, Tech Innovators Inc., that implemented new email client innovations to enhance communication efficiency among its employees. The company’s transition involved understanding the basics of email, adopting a new email client, and training employees on its features.

Company Background

Tech Innovators Inc. is a technology consulting firm with 200 employees spread across various departments, including development, marketing, and customer support. The company previously used a traditional email client that lacked modern features, leading to communication inefficiencies and missed deadlines.

Challenges Faced

  1. Communication Inefficiencies: Employees struggled with managing large volumes of emails, resulting in important messages being overlooked.
  2. Limited Collaboration Tools: The old email client lacked integration with other collaboration tools, making teamwork cumbersome.
  3. Difficulty in Training: New employees found it challenging to learn the existing email system due to its outdated interface and features.

Objectives

  1. Improve Email Management: Enhance the ability of employees to organize and prioritize emails effectively.
  2. Facilitate Collaboration: Integrate collaboration tools within the email client to streamline team communication.
  3. Training and Support: Provide comprehensive training to all employees to ensure smooth adoption of the new system.

Implementation Process

  1. Selection of New Email Client:
    • After evaluating several options, Tech Innovators decided to switch to Microsoft Outlook 365 due to its user-friendly interface and integration capabilities with other Microsoft tools (e.g., Teams, OneDrive).
  2. Training Sessions:
    • The company organized a series of training sessions, focusing on:
      • Basics of email: composing, replying, forwarding, and organizing emails.
      • New features: calendar integration, task management, and shared mailboxes.
      • Security features: recognizing phishing attempts and utilizing encryption.
  3. Feedback Mechanism:
    • Employees were encouraged to provide feedback on the new email client and training sessions through surveys and focus groups. This feedback was used to refine the training process.

Results

  1. Increased Productivity:
    • After the implementation of Outlook 365, employees reported a 30% decrease in time spent managing emails, allowing them to focus more on core tasks.
  2. Improved Collaboration:
    • The integration with Microsoft Teams and OneDrive facilitated better collaboration, enabling teams to share documents and communicate in real-time without switching platforms.
  3. Enhanced User Satisfaction:
    • Employee satisfaction surveys indicated a 75% approval rating for the new email client, with many appreciating the new features and streamlined processes.
  4. Successful Training:
    • The training sessions received positive feedback, with 85% of participants feeling confident in using the new features after the sessions.

Conclusion

Tech Innovators Inc.’s transition to a modern email client was successful due to a focus on the basics of email, the integration of innovative features, and comprehensive training. The implementation not only improved communication efficiency but also enhanced collaboration across teams. This case study demonstrates the importance of understanding email fundamentals and adapting to technological innovations in the workplace.

Key Takeaways

  • Invest in Training: Providing thorough training is crucial for successful adoption of new technologies.
  • User Feedback Matters: Gathering and acting on employee feedback can significantly improve the implementation process.
  • Integration is Key: Choosing an email client that integrates well with existing tools enhances overall productivity and communication.

This case study illustrates how focusing on the basics of email and embracing innovation can lead to substantial improvements in workplace communication and efficiency.

White Paper on Basics Of E-Mail. Opening Email Client Innovation

Abstract

In an increasingly digital world, email remains a cornerstone of communication in both personal and professional contexts. This white paper discusses the fundamental aspects of email communication, the significance of opening email clients, and the innovations that have transformed email management. It aims to provide insights into effective email practices and the tools that enhance productivity and security in email usage.

1. Introduction

Email is one of the most widely used communication tools globally, facilitating the exchange of information across various sectors. With advancements in technology, email clients have evolved to incorporate new features that improve user experience, security, and collaboration. This paper explores the basics of email and the innovations that enhance the functionality of email clients.

2. Basics of Email Communication

2.1 Understanding Email
  • Definition: Email, or electronic mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages between individuals or groups using electronic devices.
  • Components of an Email:
    • Subject Line: A brief summary of the email content.
    • Recipients: Individuals or groups to whom the email is addressed (To, CC, BCC).
    • Body: The main content of the email, which can include text, images, and attachments.
    • Signature: A block of text at the end of an email that includes the sender’s contact information.
2.2 Email Etiquette
  • Professionalism: Use a formal tone, especially in business communications.
  • Clarity and Brevity: Keep messages concise and to the point.
  • Timeliness: Respond to emails promptly to maintain effective communication.

3. Opening Email Clients: Importance and Process

3.1 Significance of Email Clients

Email clients are software applications or web interfaces that allow users to send, receive, and manage their email accounts. The choice of email client can significantly impact productivity and user experience.

3.2 Common Email Clients
  • Desktop Clients: Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird.
  • Web-Based Clients: Gmail, Yahoo Mail, Outlook.com.
  • Mobile Clients: Email apps on smartphones and tablets.
3.3 Steps to Open an Email Client
  1. Launch the Application: Open the installed email client on your device.
  2. Log In: Enter your email address and password to access your account.
  3. Navigate the Interface: Familiarize yourself with the layout, including the inbox, sent items, drafts, and folders.
  4. Check for New Emails: Refresh the inbox to view any new messages.

4. Innovations in Email Client Functionality

4.1 Enhanced User Interfaces
  • Intuitive Design: Modern email clients feature user-friendly interfaces that simplify navigation and reduce clutter.
  • Customizable Layouts: Users can personalize their email experience by adjusting layouts and themes.
4.2 Advanced Search Capabilities
  • Search Filters: Users can quickly locate emails using advanced search options based on date, sender, keywords, and attachments.
  • Smart Suggestions: Some clients offer predictive search functionalities to enhance efficiency.
4.3 Integration with Other Tools
  • Collaboration Tools: Integration with platforms like Microsoft Teams and Slack facilitates seamless communication and teamwork.
  • Productivity Apps: Email clients now support task management and calendar integrations, helping users streamline their workflow.
4.4 Security Features

5. Conclusion

Understanding the basics of email and the innovations in email client functionality is crucial for effective communication in today’s digital landscape. By adopting modern email practices and utilizing innovative features, individuals and organizations can improve productivity, enhance collaboration, and ensure secure communications.

6. Recommendations

  1. Training and Education: Organizations should invest in training programs to familiarize employees with email best practices and new client features.
  2. Regular Updates: Keeping email clients updated ensures users benefit from the latest security features and innovations.
  3. Encouragement of Feedback: Soliciting user feedback can help organizations refine their email communication strategies and tools.

This white paper serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the basics of email communication and the innovations that have transformed email client usage. Embracing these practices can lead to improved communication and increased productivity in personal and professional settings.

  1. Henry, Shawn Lawton; Abou-Zahra, Shadi; Brewer, Judy (2014). The Role of Accessibility in a Universal Web. Proceeding W4A ’14 Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference Article No. 17. ISBN 978-1-4503-2651-3. Retrieved 2014-12-17.
  2. ^ “What is assistive technology?”washington.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-01-19. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  3. ^ “Federal Communications Commission”. FCC on Telecommunications Accessibility for the Disabled. 1999.
  4. ^ Goldberg, L. (1996). “Electronic Curbcuts: Equitable Access to the Future”Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities and the Getty Art History Information Program, Cyberspace/Public Space: The Role of Arts and Culture in Defining a Virtual Public Sphere. Archived from the original on April 27, 1999.
  5. ^ Jacobs, S. (1999). “Section 255 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Fueling the Creation of New Electronic Curbcuts”.
  6. ^ Valdes, L. (2003). “Accessibility on the Internet”.
  7. ^ Brewer, J. “Access to the World Wide Web: Technical and Policy Aspects”. In Preiser, W.; Ostroff, E. (eds.). Universal Design Handbook (1st ed.). New York: MacGraw-Hill.
  8. ^ “Accessibility, Usability, and Inclusion”Web Accessibility Initiative. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  9. ^ “The Concept of Universal Design”udeworld.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  10. ^ Lisney, Eleanor; Bowen, Jonathan P.; Hearn, Kirsten; Zedda, Maria (2013). “Museums and Technology: Being Inclusive Helps Accessibility for All”. Curator: The Museum Journal56 (3): 353. doi:10.1111/cura.12034.
  11. ^ Norberto Rocha, Jessica; Massarani, Luisa; de Abreu, Willian; Inacio, Gustavo; Molenzani, Aline (2020). “Investigating accessibility in Latin American science museums and centers”Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences92 (1): e20191156. doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020191156PMID 32321029.
  12. ^ “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) | United Nations Enable”un.org. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  13. ^ “Accessibility Tools: When is a facility considered accessible?”fs.fed.us. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  14. ^ “Section508.gov | GSA Government-wide IT Accessibility Program”section508.gov. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  15. ^ “An Overview of the Americans With Disabilities Act | ADA National Network”adata.org. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  16. ^ “Home – United States Access Board”access-board.gov. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  17. ^ “JAN – Job Accommodation Network”askjan.org. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  18. ^ AG (July 2016). “Disability Discrimination Act 1992”legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  19. ^ “South Africa. Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000”ilo.org. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  20. ^ “Equality Act 2010: guidance”GOV.UK. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  21. ^ Ockersz, Lynn (8 November 2009). “Landmark Supreme Court ruling – A fillip for accessibility rights of disabled”. Upali Newspapers – The Sunday Island. p. 17. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
  22. ^ “Ikke tilgjengelig:Lov om forbud mot diskriminering på grunn av nedsatt funksjonsevne (diskriminerings- og tilgjengelighetsloven) – Lovdata”lovdata.no.
  23. ^ “Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência)”planalto.gov.br.
  24. ^ “Canada’s first federal accessibility legislation receives Royal Assent”. Employment and Social Development Canada. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  25. ^ “About the AODA – Accessibility Ontario”accessontario.com. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  26. ^ “EU disability strategy 2010–20: access and rights”. European Commission. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  27. ^ “European Accessibility Act: legislative initiative to improve accessibility of goods and services in the Internal Market” (PDF)European Commission. September 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  28. ^ “European Accessibility Act proposed for 2012”Eurocities. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  29. ^ “What is Adaptive Technology? // ACT Center”actcenter.missouri.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  30. ^ “HTML input autocomplete Attribute”w3schools.com. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  31. ^ “What is Occupational Therapy?”aota.org. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  32. ^ “Disability Employment Resources by Topic”. U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Disability Employment Policy. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  33. ^ “Workers with a Disability Less Likely to be Employed, More Likely to Hold Jobs with Lower Earnings, Census Bureau Reports”. United States Census Bureau Newsroom. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  34. Jump up to:a b Kumar, Arun; Sonpal, Deepa; Hiranandani, Vanmala (2012). “Trapped Between Ableism And Neoliberalism: Critical Reflections On Disability And Employment In India”Disability Studies Quarterly32 (3): N.p. doi:10.18061/dsq.v32i3.3235. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  35. ^ “Nearly two-thirds of global workforce in the ‘informal’ economy – UN study”UN News. 2018-04-30. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  36. Jump up to:a b Geisen, Thomas; Henry George Harder (2011). Disability Management and Workplace Integration: International Research Findings. Gower Publishing. p. 165. ISBN 9781409418887.
  37. ^ Dimond, Bridget C. (2009). Legal Aspects of Physiotherapy. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 263ISBN 9781405176156.
  38. ^ Dimond, Bridget C. (2011). Legal Aspects of Occupational Therapy. John Wiley & Sons. pp. n.p. ISBN 9781444348163.
  39. ^ Disability Discrimination Act 1995: Code of Practice; Employment and Occupation. Disability Rights Commission. 2004. p. 5. ISBN 9780117034198.
  40. ^ “What is BRT? – Institute for Transportation and Development Policy”Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  41. ^ “Community planning in the devolved UK”The Knowledge Exchange Blog. 2017-01-25. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  42. ^ “Local Transport Plan | PLYMOUTH.GOV.UK”plymouth.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2018-07-02. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  43. ^ Office of the Deputy Prime Minister – Social Exclusion Unit: “Making the Connections: Final Report on Transport and Social Exclusion Archived 2010-09-07 at the UK Government Web Archive“. February 2003.
  44. ^ Department of Transport & Transport Scotland: “Accessible Train and Station Design for Disabled People: A Code of Practice“. July 2008.
  45. ^ “Railways Act 1993”legislation.gov.uk. Expert Participation. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  46. ^ Topham, Gwyn (5 August 2021). “South Western Railway launches 10 minutes’ notice assistance scheme”The GuardianArchived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  47. ^ “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). 12 December 2006. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  48. Jump up to:a b Lawson, Anna; Eskytė, Ieva; Orchard, Maria; Houtzager, Dick; De Vos, Edwin Luitzen (2022-06-26). “Pedestrians with Disabilities and Town and City Streets: From Shared to Inclusive Space?”The Journal of Public Space7 (2): 41–62. doi:10.32891/jps.v7i2.1603ISSN 2206-9658.
  49. ^ Occupational therapy research on assistive technology and physical environmental issues: A literature review, Fange et al. (2006), Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy
  50. ^ Changes in accessibility and usability in housing: an exploration of the housing adaptation process (2005), Fange and Iwarsson, Occupational Therapy International
  51. ^ Accessibility and usability in housing: construct validity and implications for research and practice (2003), Fange and Iwarsson, Disability and Rehabilitation
  52. ^ “Visitability | WBDG Whole Building Design Guide”wbdg.org. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  53. ^ “Accessible Home Design: Information & Ideas”Disabled World. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  54. ^ “Government data reveals ‘accessible homes crisis’ for disabled people”. Home Care Insight. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  55. ^ “STA: Disabled take Slovenia to Human Rights Court over polling stations accessibility”english.sta.si. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  56. ^ “HUDOC – European Court of Human Rights”hudoc.echr.coe.int. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  57. ^ “Top European Court to Rule on Making All Polling Stations Accessible in Europe”Wheelchair Accessible Lifestyle. 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2020-03-15.
  58. ^ “Better Web Browsing: Tips for Customizing Your Computer”. World Wide Web Consortium.
  59. ^ “Accessibility”Apple. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  60. ^ “Android accessibility overview – Android Accessibility Help”support.google.com. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  61. ^ “Accessibility Technology & Tools”Accessibility. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  62. ^ “Speech and Communication Disorders”. National Institutes of Health.
  63. ^ “Hearing Disorders and Deafness”. National Library of Medicine.
  64. ^ “Visual Impairment and Blindness”. National Library of Medicine.
  65. ^ Forssman, S (1955). “Pre-employment and periodical health examinations, job analysis and placement of workers”Bulletin of the World Health Organization13 (4): 495–503. PMC 2538128PMID 13276805.
  66. ^ Clark, J. A.; Roemer, R. B. (April 1977). “Voice Operated Wheelchair”. Arch Phys Med Rehabil58 (4): 169–75. PMID 849131.
  67. ^ “Definition of hearing loss – Mild, Moderate, Severe & Profound – hear-it.org”. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  68. ^ Kipp, Michael; Nguyen, Quan; Heloir, Alexis; Matthes, Silke (October 2011). “The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility – ASSETS ’11”. Proceedings of the 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS-11). 13th ACM Sigaccess Conference on Computers and Accessibility. Dundee, Scotland: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 107–114. doi:10.1145/2049536.2049557ISBN 9781450309202.
  69. ^ World Federation of the DeafWorld Association of Sign Language Interpreters (14 March 2018). WFD and WASLI Statement on Use of Signing Avatars (Report). p. 2. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  70. ^ “Deluxe Launches First Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) Localization Service Outside Brazil”Cision PR Newswire. Deluxe Entertainment Services Group Inc. through Cision PR Newswire. 18 Sep 2017. Retrieved 14 Nov 2023.
  71. ^ “Accessibility & The Audio Track File”Cinepedia. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  72. ^ “Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) Version 1.0”w3.org.
  73. ^ “Speech Recognition Grammar Specification Version 1.0”w3.org.
  74. ^ “WAI Resources on Introducing Web Accessibility”Web Accessibility InitiativeW3C. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  75. ^ Section 508: 508 Training.
  76. ^ BS 8878:2010 Web accessibility – Code of Practice.
  77. ^ ISO 30071-1.
  78. ^ PAS 78 Archived 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine.
  79. ^ BS 8878.
  80. ^ BBC My Web My WayBBC, UK.
  81. ^ Example of an accessibility statement written by the lead-author of BS 8878.
  82. ^ “MCI asks all medical institutions to be ‘accessible'”The Hindu. 18 April 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  83. ^ “Making assessments accessible”Jisc. Retrieved 2020-08-17Accessibility must be considered from the outset when designing assessments, otherwise disabled learners could be unintentionally disadvantaged.
  84. ^ Roelofs, Erik (2019), Veldkamp, Bernard P.; Sluijter, Cor (eds.), “A Framework for Improving the Accessibility of Assessment Tasks”, Theoretical and Practical Advances in Computer-based Educational Measurement, Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 21–45, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18480-3_2ISBN 978-3-030-18480-3
  85. ^ Klein, Alyson. “No Child Left Behind Overview: Definitions, Requirements, Criticisms, and More”Education Week. Bethesda MD: Editorial Projects in Education. ISSN 0277-4232OCLC 07579948. Archived from the original on 2022-08-26. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  86. ^ “Executive Summary of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001”www2.ed.gov. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
  87. ^ “Peabody College of Education and Human Development | Vanderbilt University”. Peabody.vanderbilt.edu. 2012-07-30. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  88. CDC (April 3, 2024). “Disability and Health Overview”Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  89. ^ Francis L, Silvers A (October 1, 2016). “Perspectives on the Meaning of “Disability””AMA Journal of Ethics18 (10): 1025–1033. doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.10.pfor2-1610ISSN 2376-6980PMID 27780027.
  90. ^ Resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, A/RES/61/106. UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 24 January 2007. [accessed 27 December 2020]
  91. ^ “Medical and Social Models of Disability”Office of Developmental Primary Care. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  92. ^ Moore M (January 2015). “Religious Attitudes toward the Disabled (2015)”infidels.org. The Secular Web. Archived from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  93. ^ Brown R (1994). Florida’s First People: 12,000 Years of Human History. Pineapple Press. p. 25. ISBN 1-56164-032-8.
  94. ^ Milanich JT (1994). Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. University Press of Florida. p. 75. ISBN 0-8130-1273-2.
  95. ^ Kağnici G (December 28, 2018). “Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability”Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi33 (2): 429–450. doi:10.18513/egetid.502714ISSN 0257-4152S2CID 165868664.
  96. ^ Loebl WY, Nunn JF (August 1997). “Staffs as Walking Aids in Ancient Egypt and Palestine”Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine90 (8): 450–454. doi:10.1177/014107689709000811ISSN 0141-0768PMC 1296463PMID 9307002.
  97. ^ Sneed D (August 2020). “The architecture of access: ramps at ancient Greek healing sanctuaries”Antiquity94 (376): 1015–1029. doi:10.15184/aqy.2020.123ISSN 0003-598X.
  98. ^ Geggel L (July 22, 2020). “Ancient Greeks may have built ‘disability ramps’ on some temples”LiveScienceArchived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  99. ^ Samama E (2016). Disability in Antiquity. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-62528-7.
  100. Jump up to:a b Braddock D, Parrish S (2001). “An Institutional History of Disability”. In Albrecht GL, Seelman KD, Bury M (eds.). Handbook of Disability Studies. SAGE. pp. 11–68. doi:10.4135/9781412976251ISBN 978-0-7619-2874-4.
  101. ^ Stiker H (2000). A History of Disability. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 91.
  102. ^ Foucault M (1980). The History of Sexuality, vol. 1. New York: Vintage.
  103. Jump up to:a b Grue L, Heiberg A (November 4, 2006). “Notes on the History of Normality – Reflections on the Work of Quetelet and Galton”Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research8 (4): 232. doi:10.1080/15017410600608491.
  104. ^ Davis LJ (1995). “Constructing Normalcy”Enforcing Normalcy: Disability, Deafness, and the Body. Verso. pp. 23–49. ISBN 978-1-85984-007-8.
  105. ^ Bogdan R (1998). Freak Show: Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and Profit.
  106. ^ “Disabled people”Holocaust Memorial Day Trust. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  107. ^ Barlow, Kathleen (2006). “Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century”. American Anthropologist108 (2): 447–48. doi:10.1525/aa.2006.108.2.447.
  108. Jump up to:a b Russell M, Malhotra R (2002). “Capitalism and Disability”Socialist Register38: 212–213. ISSN 0081-0606.
  109. ^ Marini I, Graf NM, Millington M (2017). “The History of Treatment Toward People With Disabilities”. Psychosocial Aspects of Disability (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-8261-8062-9.
  110. ^ Oliver 1990.
  111. Jump up to:a b Mullaney C (April 13, 2019). “Disability Studies: Foundations & Key Concepts”JSTOR Daily. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  112. ^ Nikora et al. 2004, p. 5.
  113. Jump up to:a b c Donovan 2012, p. 12.
  114. ^ Russell 2019, p. 4.
  115. ^ “Regulations To Implement the Equal Employment Provisions of the Americans With Disabilities Act, as Amended”Federal Register. 2011. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
  116. ^ “The Rhetorical Dimensions of Ableism”. Ableist Rhetoric. 2019. pp. 1–25. doi:10.1515/9780271085296-002ISBN 978-0-271-08529-6S2CID 242299440.
  117. ^ “Disability Social History Project – Timeline”. Disabilityhistory.org. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  118. ^ Cooper, Rory A, Hisaichi Ohnabe, Douglas A. Hobson (2006). An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering. CRC Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4200-1249-1.
  119. ^ “Student Accessibility Services: Dragon Naturally Speaking”University of New Hampshire. Archived from the original on April 8, 2015.
  120. ^ Sobh T (2007). Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. Springer. p. 176ISBN 978-1-4020-6268-1.
  121. ^ “Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)”. W3C. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  122. ^ “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0”. W3C. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  123. ^ Nikora et al. 2004, pp. 6–7.
  124. ^ Shakespeare, T., Watson, N. (2001). “The social model of disability: An outdated ideology?”. In Barnartt, S.N., Altman, B.M. (eds.). Exploring Theories and Expanding Methodologies: Where we are and where we need to go. Research in Social Science and Disability. Vol. 2. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 9–28. doi:10.1016/S1479-3547(01)80018-XISBN 978-0-7623-0773-9.
  125. ^ Parker CJ, May A, Mitchell V, Burrows A (2015). “Capturing Volunteered Information for Inclusive Service Design: Potential Benefits and Challenges”The Design Journal16 (11): 197–218. doi:10.2752/175630613X13584367984947S2CID 110716823Archived from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  126. ^ Garden R (2010). “Disability and narrative: new directions for medicine and the medical humanities”Med. Humanit36 (2): 70–74. doi:10.1136/jmh.2010.004143PMID 21393285.
  127. ^ Mallon R (2014). Zalta EN (ed.). Naturalistic Approaches to Social Construction (Winter 2014 ed.). Archived from the original on March 18, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  128. ^ Freidson E (1970). Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge. Harper and Row. pp. 205–10. ISBN 978-0-06-042205-9.
  129. ^ Burch S (2009). Encyclopedia of American Disability History Vol. 2. Facts on File. pp. 543–44. ISBN 978-0-8160-7030-5.
  130. ^ Kafer A (2013). Feminist, Queer, Crip. Indiana University Press.
  131. ^ “International organisations report on disability”. Disabled Persons Assembly New Zealand. August 2011. Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  132. ^ Kaplan D. “Disability Model”. World Institute on Disability. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  133. ^ Lum D (2010). Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Understanding Diverse Groups and Justice Issues. Cengage Learning. p. 449. ISBN 978-0-8400-3443-4.
  134. ^ Olkin R (2012). What Psychotherapists Should Know About Disability. Guilford Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-4625-0613-2.
  135. ^ Nikora et al. 2004, pp. 5–6.
  136. ^ Nikora et al. 2004, p. 6.
  137. ^ DePoy & Gilson 2004.
  138. Jump up to:a b Nikora et al. 2004, p. 7.
  139. ^ “Economic Model of Disability”. Michigan Disability Rights Coalition. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  140. ^ Smith, T.B. (2012). A New and Emerging Model of Disability: The Consumer Model. White Paper. The Pennsylvania State University
  141. ^ Aichner, T., Shaltoni, A.M. (2018). “Marketing of specialised products and services to consumers with disabilities: exploring the role of advertising, country-of-origin, and e-commerce”. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research28 (2): 115–36. doi:10.1080/09593969.2017.1364658S2CID 169024657.
  142. ^ Weiner, B., Perry, R.P., Magnusson, J. (1988). “An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology55 (5): 738–48. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.738PMID 2974883.
  143. ^ Lerner M (1980). The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum Press.
  144. ^ “Cerebral Palsy: a Guide for Care”. The Nemours Foundation. Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2007.
  145. ^ Meyers S (2014). “Chapter 23. The past dividing the present”. In Mitchell D, Karr V (eds.). Crises, Conflict and Disability: Ensuring EqualityRoutledge. p. 195.
  146. ^ “Groups and individuals honored at PWD Day”The Manila Times. May 20, 2014. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  147. ^ Department for International Development“Recognising & Implementing Housing Rights CSCF449”. Archived from the original on July 19, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  148. ^ Dunn DS, Andrews EE (2015). “Person-first and identity-first language: Developing psychologists’ cultural competence using disability language”. The American Psychologist70 (3): 255–64. doi:10.1037/a0038636PMID 25642702.
  149. ^ Davis, Ken. (January 3, 2009]. The Social Model of Disability Glasgow Centre for Inclusive Living. Archived January 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  150. ^ Haller B. “Journalists should learn to carefully traverse a variety of disability terminology | National Center on Disability and Journalism”. Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Arizona State University. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  151. ^ Lum D (2010). Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Understanding. Cengage Learning. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-8400-3443-4.
  152. ^ “AHEAD Statement on Language | Association on Higher Education and Disability”Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  153. ^ “Definition of handicap in Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)”. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  154. ^ “Online Etymology Dictionary”Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  155. ^ D’Mello L, Monteiro M, BM G (July 24, 2017). “Psycho-Social Problems faced by Persons with Disability”International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences: 1–7. doi:10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0019ISSN 2581-6012S2CID 231214034.
  156. ^ Bradley J. Cardinal & Marc D. Spaziani (2003). “ADA compliance and the accessibility of physical activity facilities in western Oregon”. American Journal of Health Promotion17 (3): 197–201. doi:10.4278/0890-1171-17.3.197PMID 12545588S2CID 46766567.
  157. ^ Cardinal BJ (2003). “Fitness for all: Is your club ADA compliant?”. Club Industry19 (5): 31–33.
  158. ^ “Invisible Disabilities: List & Information” (PDF)Disabled World. October 28, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  159. ^ Stuart H (September 2006). “Mental illness and employment discrimination”. Current Opinion in Psychiatry19 (5): 522–6. doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000238482.27270.5dPMID 16874128S2CID 45821626.
  160. ^ Furrie, Adele, Rebecca Gewurtz, Wendy Porch, Cameron Crawford, Maureen Haan, and John Stapleton. “Episodic Disabilities in Canada.” 2016
  161. ^ “On Being a Cripple”. The Social Medicine Reader. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). 2020. pp. 37–47. doi:10.1515/9781478004363-005ISBN 978-1-4780-0436-3.
  162. ^ Muzikar D (April 20, 2015). “The Autism Puzzle Piece: A symbol that’s going to stay or go?”The Art of AutismArchived from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
  163. Jump up to:a b “Disability Rights Wisconsin”. Disabilityrightswi.org. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  164. ^ Bagenstos S (2009). Law and the Contradictions of the Disability Rights Movement. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12449-1JSTOR j.ctt1npkj3OCLC 262432366.
  165. ^ Löve L, Traustadóttir R, Rice J (March 26, 2018). “Achieving disability equality: Empowering disabled people to take the lead”Social Inclusion6 (1): 1–8. doi:10.17645/si.v6i1.1180hdl:20.500.11815/760.
  166. ^ Kemple M, Ahmad F, Girijashanker S (2011). “Shaping Disability Rights through Shaping the Disability Movement”. Journal of Human Rights Practice3 (3): 355–63. doi:10.1093/jhuman/hur019.
  167. ^ Satubaldina A (November 27, 2020). “We Seek to Promote a Human Rights Based Approach to Disability”The Astana Times. Kazakhstan. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  168. ^ Berne P (June 10, 2015). “Disability Justice – a working draft by Patty Berne”Sins Invalid – An Unashamed Claim to Beauty in the Face of Invisibility. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  169. Jump up to:a b Kayess R, French P (2008). “Out of darkness into light? Introducing the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”. Human Rights Law Review8: 1–34. doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngm044.
  170. ^ “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)”United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: DisabilityArchived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  171. ^ “International Year for Disabled Persons”Public Health Reports95 (5): 498–499. 1980. PMC 1422742PMID 6893494.
  172. ^ McIntyre I (April 26, 2023). “People With Disability Australian Protest Timeline”The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  173. ^ “OSCE supports roundtable discussion on the rights of persons with disabilities in Nur-Sultan”Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. November 14, 2019. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  174. ^ “Fact Sheet on Persons with Disabilities” (PDF). Division for Inclusive Social Development. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs:EnableArchived (PDF) from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  175. ^ Carey AC (2009). On the Margins of Citizenship: Intellectual Disability and Civil Rights in Twentieth-Century America. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-697-1JSTOR j.ctt14bs8th.
  176. ^ Sépulchre M (June 1, 2020). “Ensuring equal citizenship for disabled people: A matter of rights or a matter of costs?”Alter14 (2): 114–127. doi:10.1016/j.alter.2020.03.001ISSN 1875-0672.
  177. ^ Heron R, Murray (2003). ASSISTING DISABLED PERSONS IN FINDING EMPLOYMENT A practical guide (2nd ed.). Geneva: International Labour Organization. ISBN 92-2-115116-6.
  178. ^ “Abuse in Disability Communities”The Hotline. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  179. Jump up to:a b Transforming Disability into Ability. 2003. doi:10.1787/9789264158245-enISBN 978-92-64-19887-6.
  180. ^ Hough A (October 23, 2012). “‘Disability hate crimes’ rise by a quarter in a year”TelegraphArchived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  181. ^ Canada S (October 14, 2015). “Canada Pension Plan disability benefits: Overview”www.canada.ca. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  182. ^ Australian Progress, McIntyre I (February 2, 2022). “Lessons from the Campaign to Stop Independent Assessments Webinar”The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  183. Jump up to:a b Labriola M, Lund T (2007). “Self-reported sickness absence as a risk marker of future disability pension. Prospective findings from the DWECS/DREAM study 1990–2004”Int J Med Sci4 (3): 153–58. doi:10.7150/ijms.4.153PMC 1885553PMID 17554400.
  184. ^ Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Sund R, Virtanen P, Ferrie JE (2006). “Sickness absence as a risk factor for job termination, unemployment, and disability pension among temporary and permanent employees”Occup Environ Med63 (3): 212–217. doi:10.1136/oem.2005.020297PMC 2078149PMID 16497865.
  185. ^ Piecek M, Perrin C, Tabin JP, Probst I (January 17, 2019). “The ‘compliant’, the ‘pacified’ and the ‘rebel’: experiences with Swiss disability insurance”Disability & Society34 (4): 583–606. doi:10.1080/09687599.2018.1545115ISSN 0968-7599.  Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  186. ^ Tabin JP, Piecek M, Perrin C, Probst I (September 19, 2019). “Three Dimensions in the Register of Shame”Review of Disability Studies15 (3): 1–19. ISSN 1552-9215Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  187. ^ Russell 2019, p. 14.
  188. Jump up to:a b Blick RN, Litz KS, Thornhill MG, Goreczny AJ (June–July 2016). “Do inclusive work environments matter? Effects of community-integrated employment on quality of life for individuals with intellectual disabilities”. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 53–54: 358–366. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.015PMID 26977937.
  189. Jump up to:a b Lindstrom L, Hirano KA, McCarthy C, Alverson CV (May 2014). “‘Just having a job’: Career advancement for low-wage workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities”. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals37 (1): 40–49. doi:10.1177/2165143414522092S2CID 145212407.
  190. Jump up to:a b Banks P, Jahoda A, Dagnan D, Kemp J, Williams V (2010). “Supported Employment for People with Intellectual Disability: The Effects of Job Breakdown on Psychological Well-Being”. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities23 (4): 344–354. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00541.x.
  191. ^ Yeo 2005.
  192. ^ World Health Organization, World report on disability, 2011.
  193. ^ “Centro DÍBÁ”Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
  194. Jump up to:a b c d Stough LM, Peek L (July 2010). “Children With Disabilities in the Context of Disaster: A Social Vulnerability Perspective” (PDF)Child Development81 (4): 1260–1270. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01466.xhdl:1969.1/153154ISSN 0009-3920LCCN e34000503OCLC 641792335PMID 20636694. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 12, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
  195. ^ Stough LM, Sharp AN, Curt D, Wilker N (2010). “Disaster Case Management and Individuals With Disabilities” (PDF)Rehabilitation Psychology55 (3): 211–220. doi:10.1037/a0020079hdl:1969.1/153155ISSN 0090-5550PMID 20804264Archived (PDF) from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
  196. Jump up to:a b Stough 2009.
  197. ^ McAdams Ducy, Stough & Clark 2012.
  198. ^ McAdams Ducy E, Stough LM (July 29, 2011). “Exploring the support role of special education teachers after Hurricane Ike: Children with significant disabilities”. Journal of Family Issues32 (10): 1325–45. doi:10.1177/0192513X11412494S2CID 146605276.
  199. ^ “Effective Emergency Management: Making Improvements for Communities and People with Disabilities”. F Street, Washington: National Council on Disability. August 12, 2009. Archived from the original on February 12, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  200. ^ “Disability, natural disasters and emergency situations”. Division for Inclusive Social Development. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs:Enable. May 31, 2011. Archived from the original on February 2, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  201. ^ Woodward K (2015). “9”. In Adams R, Reiss B, Serlin D (eds.). Key Words for Disability Studies. New York: New York University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-1-4798-4115-8.
  202. ^ Kafer A (2013). Feminist, Queer, Crip. Indiana University Press. p. 8.
  203. Jump up to:a b Reeve D (2004). “Psycho-emotional dimensions of disability and the social model” (PDF). In Barnes C, Mercer G (eds.). Reeve Chapter 2004. Leeds, UK: The Disability Press. pp. 83–100. ISBN 978-0-9528450-8-9Archived (PDF) from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  204. ^ Morris J (1991). Pride Against Prejudice Transforming Attitudes to Disability (PDF). Aylesbury, Bucks, UK: The Women’s Press. pp. 21, 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  205. ^ Linton S (1998). Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity. New York: NYU Press. pp. 19–21. ISBN 978-0-8147-5134-3. Archived from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  206. Jump up to:a b Dolmage JT (2014). Disability Rhetoric (1st ed.). Syracuse University Press. pp. 31–61. ISBN 978-0-8156-3324-2.
  207. ^ Young S (July 2, 2012). “We’re not here for your inspiration”Ramp up. Australia: ABC Services. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  208. ^ Murray S (2008). Representing Autism Culture, Narrative, Fascination. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-84631-092-8.
  209. ^ Hardin, Marie Myers, Hardin, Brent (June 2004). “The ‘Supercrip’ in sport media: Wheelchair athletes discuss hegemony’s disabled hero”Sociology of Sport Online7 (1). School of Physical Education, University of Otago. ISSN 1461-8192. Archived from the original on August 19, 2004. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  210. ^ Cheyne R (2019). Disability, Literature, Genre: Representation and Affect in Contemporary Fiction (PDF) (1 ed.). United Kingdom: Liverpool University Press. pp. 62–3. ISBN 978-1-78962-077-1Archived (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2024 – via OAPEN. Although the authors do not expand on their analysis in depth, they do not need to: supercrip representations are widely assumed to be ‘inherently regressive’ (Schalk 75). To label a representation as deploying this stereotype is ‘the ultimate scholarly insult’, a form of critical dismissal which decisively locates that text as unproductive from a disability studies perspective (Schalk 71).
  211. Jump up to:a b c >Schalk S (2016). “Reevaluating the Supercrip” (PDF)Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies10 (1): 71–86. doi:10.3828/jlcds.2016.5ISSN 1757-6458S2CID 147281453Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2022.
  212. ^ Row-Heyveld L (2015). “Reading Batman, Writing X-Men Superpowers and Disabilities in the First-Year Seminar”. Pedagogy: Critical Approaches to Teaching Literature, Language, Composition, and Culture15 (3): 519–26. doi:10.1215/15314200-2917105S2CID 146299487.
  213. ^ Mitchell DT, Snyder SL (2000). Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06748-0.
  214. ^ Silver RL (1982). Coping with an undesirable life event: a study of early reactions to physical disability (Thesis). OCLC 25949964.
  215. ^ Barnes C (March 15, 1992). Disabling Imagery and the Media. Krumlin, Halifax: Ryburn Publishing. ISBN 1-85331-042-5.
  216. Jump up to:a b Byrne P (May 18, 2002). “I Am Sam”BMJ: British Medical Journal324 (7347): 1223. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1223ISSN 0959-8138PMC 1123184.
  217. ^ Pettey HB (2020). Mind Reeling: Psychopathology on Film. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-8102-9.
  218. ^ Reynolds TE (2008). Vulnerable Communion: A Theology of Disability and Hospitality. Brazos Press. ISBN 978-1-4412-0263-5.
  219. ^ “Disability stereotypes in the media | Aruma”Aruma Disability Services. August 24, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  220. ^ Siebers T (2005). “Disability Aesthetics”PMLA120 (2): 542–546. doi:10.1632/S0030812900167860ISSN 0030-8129JSTOR 25486181S2CID 233314914.
  221. ^ Owens J (March 2015). “Exploring the critiques of the social model of disability: the transformative possibility of Arendt’s notion of power”. Sociology of Health & Illness37 (3): 385–403. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12199PMID 25524639.
  222. ^ Brown SE (Spring 2002). “What Is Disability Culture?”Disability Studies Quarterly22 (2): 34–50. doi:10.18061/dsq.v22i2.343.
  223. ^ Reeve D (2002). “Negotiating Psycho-Emotional Dimensions of Disability and their Influence on Identity Constructions” (PDF)Disability & Society17 (5): 493–508. doi:10.1080/09687590220148487S2CID 17324956Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  224. ^ Begum N (March 1992). “Disabled Women and the Feminist Agenda”. Feminist Review40 (1): 70–84. doi:10.1057/fr.1992.6S2CID 143930177.
  225. ^ Pettinicchio D, Maroto M (January 1, 2017). “Employment Outcomes Among Men and Women with Disabilities: How the Intersection of Gender and Disability Status Shapes Labor Market Inequality”. In Altman BM (ed.). Factors in Studying Employment for Persons with Disability. Research in Social Science and Disability Vol. 10. Emerald Publishing Limited. pp. 3–33. doi:10.1108/s1479-354720170000010003ISBN 978-1-78714-606-8S2CID 158400534.
  226. ^ Lawson A (2016). European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-13921-8.
  227. ^ “Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) | United Nations Enable”www.un.org. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  228. ^ Theo Vos, et al. (GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (2017). “Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016”The Lancet390 (10100): 1211–1259. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2ISSN 0140-6736PMC 5605509PMID 28919117.
  229. ^ Frederick A, Shifrer D (July 11, 2018). “Race and Disability: From Analogy to Intersectionality”Sociology of Race and Ethnicity5 (2): 200–214. doi:10.1177/2332649218783480ISSN 2332-6492S2CID 150155324.
  230. ^ Hendricks C, Lansford JE, Deater-Deckard K, Bornstein MH (July 29, 2013). “Associations Between Child Disabilities and Caregiver Discipline and Violence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries”Child Development85 (2): 513–531. doi:10.1111/cdev.12132ISSN 0009-3920PMC 4151611PMID 23895329.
  231. ^ Sullivan PM, Knutson JF (October 2000). “Maltreatment and disabilities: a population-based epidemiological study”. Child Abuse & Neglect24 (10): 1257–1273. doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00190-3PMID 11075694S2CID 20946280.
  232. ^ Randall W, Sobsey D, Parrila R (2001). “Ethnicity, disability, and risk for abuse”. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin29 (1): 60–80.
  233. ^ Horner-Johnson W, Drum CE (2006). “Prevalence of maltreatment of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of recently published research”Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews12 (1): 57–69. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20097PMID 16435331.
  234. ^ Brown J, Cohen P, Johnson JG, Salzinger S (November 1998). “A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect”Child Abuse & Neglect22 (11): 1065–78. doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00087-8PMID 9827312.
  235. ^ Perkins S (January 2012). “An Ecological Perspective on the Comorbidity of Childhood Violence Exposure and Disabilities: Focus on the Ecology of the School”Psychology of Violence2 (1): 75–89. doi:10.1037/a0026137PMC 8494429PMID 34621555.
  236. ^ Nelson C (Spring 2010). “Racializing Disability, Disabling Race: Policing Race and Mental Status” (PDF)Berkley Journal of Criminal Law15 (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  237. ^ Gerschick T (Summer 2000). “Towards a Theory of Disability and Gender”. Signs25 (4): 1263–68. doi:10.1086/495558JSTOR 3175525S2CID 144519468.
  238. ^ Lennard J. Davis, ed. (May 2, 2013). “”When Black Women Start Going on Prozac …” The Politics of Race, Gender, and Emotional Distress in Meri Nana-Ama Danquah’s Willow Weep for Me”. The Disability Studies Reader. Routledge. pp. 415–435. doi:10.4324/9780203077887-41ISBN 978-0-203-07788-7.
  239. ^ WomenWatch. “Feature on Women with Disabilities”UNArchived from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  240. ^ Garland-Thomson R (Winter 2005). “Feminist Disability Studies”. Signs30 (2): 1557–87. doi:10.1086/423352S2CID 144603782.
  241. ^ Ong-Dean C (2009). Distinguishing Disability. University of Chicago Press. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226630021.001.0001ISBN 978-0-226-63001-4.
  242. Jump up to:a b Lustig DC, Strauser DR (July 2007). “Causal Relationships Between Poverty and Disability”. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin50 (4): 194–202. doi:10.1177/00343552070500040101S2CID 144496704.
  243. ^ Neufeldt AH (1995). “Empirical Dimensions of Discrimination against Disabled People”. Health and Human Rights1 (2): 174–189. doi:10.2307/4065213ISSN 1079-0969JSTOR 4065213PMID 10395720.
  244. ^ Grech S (December 2011). “Poverty and disability”. Disability & Society26 (7): 888–891. doi:10.1080/09687599.2011.618747S2CID 144977018.
  245. ^ Jenkins R (1991). “Disability and Social Stratification”. The British Journal of Sociology42 (4): 557–580. doi:10.2307/591447JSTOR 591447PMID 1838293.
  246. ^ Lukemeyer A, Meyers MK, Smeeding T (2000). “Expensive Children in Poor Families: Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for the Care of Disabled and Chronically Ill Children in Welfare Families”. Journal of Marriage and Family62 (2): 399–415. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00399.xISSN 0022-2445.
  247. ^ Barnes C, Sheldon A (December 2010). “Disability, politics and poverty in a majority world context”. Disability & Society25 (7): 771–782. doi:10.1080/09687599.2010.520889S2CID 144808946.
  248. ^ Soldatic K, Pini B (November 2009). “The three Ds of welfare reform: disability, disgust and deservingness”. Australian Journal of Human Rights15 (1): 77–95. doi:10.1080/1323238X.2009.11910862S2CID 148904296.
  249. ^ Auerbach S (October 2002). “‘Why Do They Give the Good Classes to Some and Not to Others?’ Latino Parent Narratives of Struggle in a College Access Program”. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education104 (7): 1369–1392. doi:10.1111/1467-9620.00207.
  250. ^ Perna LW, Titus MA (2005). “The Relationship between Parental Involvement as Social Capital and College Enrollment: An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Group Differences”. The Journal of Higher Education76 (5): 485–518. doi:10.1353/jhe.2005.0036S2CID 32290790Project MUSE 185966.
  251. ^ “First Extremity Games was first class success”. oandp.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  252. ^ “Disability World Report”. World Health Organization. 2011. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  253. ^ Jack A (May 11, 2018). “For many, disability is part of what it means to be human” (Special report Modern workplace: Disability)Financial Times. Bracken House; London: Nikkei. ISSN 0307-1766Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  254. ^ Okoro CA (2018). “Prevalence of Disabilities and Health Care Access by Disability Status and Type Among Adults — United States, 2016”MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report67 (32): 882–887. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6732a3ISSN 0149-2195PMC 6095650PMID 30114005.
  255. ^ CDC (October 25, 2019). “Infographic: Adults with Disabilities: Ethnicity and Race | CDC”Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  256. ^ Government of Canada SC (November 28, 2018). “A demographic, employment and income profile of Canadians with disabilities aged 15 years and over, 2017”www150.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  257. ^ Government of Canada SC (December 3, 2020). “The Daily — A profile of Canadians with a mobility disability and groups designated as visible minorities with a disability”www150.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  258. ^ “Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings, 2018 | Australian Bureau of Statistics”www.abs.gov.au. September 25, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  259. ^ “Family Resources Survey: financial year 2020 to 2021”GOV.UK. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  260. ^ “Life Opportunities Survey: wave 1 results”GOV.UK. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  261. ^ Zheng X, Chen G, Song X, Liu J, Yan L, Du W, Pang L, Zhang L, Wu J, Zhang B, Zhang J (November 1, 2011). “Twenty-year trends in the prevalence of disability in China”Bulletin of the World Health Organization89 (11): 788–797. doi:10.2471/BLT.11.089730 (inactive November 13, 2024). ISSN 0042-9686PMC 3209727PMID 22084524.
  262. ^ “문서뷰어”kostat.go.kr. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  263. ^ Yeo R., Moore K. (2003). “Including disabled people in poverty reduction work: ‘Nothing about us, without us'”. World Development31 (3): 571–90. doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00218-8.
  264.  “educational institution – Dictionary Definition”Vocabulary.comArchived from the original on 2017-09-10. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  265. ^ “educational institution”The Free DictionaryArchived from the original on 2017-07-18. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  266. ^ “How educational institutions’ architecture shapes young minds”Architectural Digest India. 2021-02-06. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  267. ^ “Schools As Anchor Institutions – A Community Organizer’s Perspective”Education – Power – Change. 2023-02-05. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  268. ^ O’Farrell, Liam; Hassan, Sara; Hoole, Charlotte (2022-12-02). “The university as a Just anchor: universities, anchor networks and participatory research”Studies in Higher Education47 (12): 2405–2416. doi:10.1080/03075079.2022.2072480ISSN 0307-5079.
  269. Ciconte, Barbara L.; Jacob, Jeanne (2009). Fundraising Basics: A Complete Guide. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780763746667.
  270. ^ “System of National Accounts” (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  271. Jump up to:a b Heaslip, Emily (6 February 2023). “Nonprofit, Not-for Profit & For-Profit Organizations Explained”. US Chambers of Commerce. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024.
  272. ^ McKeever, Brice S. (November 2018). “The Nonprofit Sector in Brief 2018: Public Charities, Giving, and Volunteering”. Urban Institute National Center for Charitable Statistics. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  273. ^ “Quick Facts About Nonprofits”National Center for Charitable Statistics. Urban Institute. Archived from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  274. ^ “Social Clubs | Internal Revenue Service”www.irs.gov. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  275. ^ Sacristán López de los Mozos, I., Rodríguez Duarte, A., & Rodríguez Ruiz, Ó. (2016). Resource dependence in non-profit organizations: is it harder to fundraise if you diversify your revenue structure?. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations, 27(6), 2641–2665.
  276. ^ “2020 Global Trends in Giving Report”. Funraise. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  277. ^ Simkovich, D. (2017). How to Run a Non-Profit Organization. Retrieved from https://www.donateforcharity.com/nonprofit/a-nonprofit-you-pick-later/
  278. ^ Anheier, K. H. (2005). Nonprofit Organizations: An Introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
  279. ^ McDonald, Robert E. (2007). “An Investigation of Innovation in Nonprofit Organizations: The Role of Organizational Mission”. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly36 (2): 256–281. doi:10.1177/0899764006295996S2CID 144378017.
  280. Jump up to:a b c d Drucker, Peter (2006). Managing the Non-profit Organization: Principles and Practices. HarperBusiness. ISBN 978-0060851149.
  281. ^ Weisbrod, Burton, 1977. The Voluntary Nonprofit Sector: An Economic Analysis, Lexington Books, New York.
  282. ^ Ansberger, Paul (2008). “A History of the Tax-Exempt Sector: An SOI Perspective” (PDF)Statistics of Income Bulletin. Winter 2008: 105–135. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2020 – via IRS.
  283. ^ FairVote – Board of Directors Archived 30 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  284. ^ FairVote – FAQs Archived 23 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  285. ^ NORML Board of Directors – NORML Archived 30 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  286. ^ How to Convert Taxes into Profits: Professional Guide for Non Profit Organizations. International Business Publications. 20 March 2009. p. 12. ISBN 9781438722160. Retrieved 28 October 2014.[permanent dead link]
  287. ^ “Bylaws”. Wikimedia Foundation. 14 July 2010. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
  288. ^ Malamut, Michael E. & Blach, Thomas J. (2008), ABA Code Revision Raises Concerns for Democracy and Parliamentary Law in Nonprofits, National Parliamentarian, Volume 69, No. 1
  289. ^ Charity on Trial: What You Need to Know Before You Give / Doug White (2007) ISBN 1-56980-301-3.
  290. ^ SSRN-Voluntary Disclosure in Nonprofit Organizations: an Exploratory Study by Bruce Behn, Delwyn DeVries, Jing Lin Archived 20 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
  291. ^ “Applying for Exemption – Difference Between Nonprofit and Tax-Exempt Status”. Internal Revenue Service. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  292. ^ The Nonprofit Handbook: Everything You Need to Know to Start and Run Your Nonprofit Organization (Paperback), Gary M. Grobman, White Hat Communications, 2008.
  293. ^ “not-for-profit – definition of not-for-profit in English from the Oxford dictionary”Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  294. ^ UK, Government (12 October 2020). “Charities and tax”.
  295. ^ Plus, Accountants (4 July 2024). “Charity Accountants”.
  296. ^ Block, Stephen R.; Rosenberg, Steven (Summer 2002). “Toward and Understanding of Founder’s Syndrome”. Nonprofit Management & Leadership12 (4): 353. doi:10.1002/nml.12403.
  297. ^ Audit Guide for Small Nonprofit Organizations. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  298. ^ Edwards, M.; Hulme, D., eds. (2002). “NGO Performance and Accountability: Introduction and Overview (Chapter 11)”. The Earthscan Reader on NGO Management. UK: Earthscan Publications Ltd.
  299. ^ Chertavian, G. (March 2013). “Nonprofits Need to Compete for Top Talent”Harvard Business ReviewArchived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  300. Jump up to:a b Maw, Liz (9 July 2014). “Winning the Talent Game”Stanford Social Innovation Review. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  301. ^ Becchetti, Leonardo; Castriota, Stefano; Depedri, Sara (1 August 2014). “Working in the for-profit versus not-for-profit sector: what difference does it make? An inquiry on preferences of voluntary and involuntary movers”Industrial and Corporate Change23 (4): 1087–1120. doi:10.1093/icc/dtt044Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  302. ^ Cohen, R. (21 June 2010). “Nonprofit Salaries: Achieving Parity with the Private Sector”Nonprofit Quarterly. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  303. ^ Coffman, S. (23 December 2002). “Nonprofits Can Compete with Employee Benefits”Columbus Business FirstArchived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  304. ^ Fox, T. (18 March 2014). “How to Compete with the Private Sector for Young Workers”The Washington PostArchived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  305. ^ Wiley, Kimberly; Schwoerer, Kayla; Richardson, Micayla; Espinosa, Marlen Barajas (2021). “Engaging stakeholders on TikTok: A multi-levelsocial media analysis of nonprofit Microvlogging”Public Administration101 (3): 822–842. doi:10.1111/padm.12851 – via Wiley.
  306. ^ DeMasters, Chelsea; Morgan, Katherine; Schwoerer, Kayla; Wiley, Kimberly (2024). “Forging connections: Nonprofits, TikTok, and authentic engagement – a mixed methods study”Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs10 (1): 27–51. doi:10.20899/jpna.dky82f18.
  307. ^ Glasius, Marlies; Kaldor, Mary; Anheier, Helmut, eds. (2005). Global Civil Society 2006/7. Sage. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007.
  308. ^ Drayton, W: “Words Matter” Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Alliance Magazine, Vol. 12/No.2, June 2007.
  309. ^ Alvarado, Elliott I.: “Nonprofit or Not-for-profit – Which Are You?”, page 6–7. Nonprofit World, Volume 18, Number 6, November/December 2000.
  310. McGregor, Eugene B. Jr.; Campbell, Alan K.; Macy, Anthony itua; Cleveland, Harlan (July–August 1982). “Symposium: The Public Service as Institution”. Public Administration Review42 (4). Washington: 304–320. doi:10.2307/975969JSTOR i240003ProQuest 197199863.
  311. ^ “Definition of PUBLIC SERVICE”Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
  312. ^ Anderfuhren-Biget, Simon; Varone, Frédéric; Giauque, David (December 2014). “Policy Environment and Public Service Motivation”Public Administration92 (4). London: 807–825. doi:10.1111/padm.12026ProQuest 1639861884.
  313. ^ “Services of general interest”European Economic and Social Committee. 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
  314. ^ “Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender equality”UN Women. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
  315. ^ Rice, Michael (1998). The Power of the Bull. London: Routledge. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-317-72583-1As the more advanced social institutions began to take shape they contributed to some counterbalancing of the essential insecurity of man’s condition. It was inevitable that ambitious and assertive men should see an opportunity for establishing for themselves positions of power and influence. No doubt many such occasions had their origins in a genuine concern for the public good […] The position of […] the war-band leader as the strong arm of the community’s defence would increasingly be confirmed by the subjection of the community to the members of what […] were becoming, demonstrably, elites, […] This period, embracing part of the fifth and all of the fourth and third millennia before the present era, is absolutely pivotal to the development of the modern world.
  316. ^ Haley, John O. (2016). Law’s Political Foundations: Rivers, Rifles, Rice, and Religion. Cheltemham, Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-1-78536-850-9Pharaonic Egypt epitomizes a regulatory, public law regime. […] The principal function of this elaborate apparatus was to maintain order and security, and, above all, to acquire as much of the surplus agricultural wealth and labor as possible.
  317. ^ Hovey, Craig; Phillips, Elizabeth (2015). The Cambridge Companion to Political Theology. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 4–5. ISBN 978-1-107-05274-1To ensure the favor of the gods was the preeminent task of ancient rulers worldwide, for they all were priestly kings. The Roman Caesar was the pontifex maximus of Rome’s state god. The Chinese emperor certainly stood over his subjects as ‘Son of Heaven,’ but if he fell into disfavor with heaven and his country was visited by famine, plague, earthquakes, and floods, he could be overthrown. The Moloch of Carthage demanded children as sacrifices; the Aztecs and Mayas offered their Gods still-quivering hearts. These political religions were do ut des religions in which the relationship between deity and worshippers was one of contractual exchange.
  318. ^ by (2019-10-29). “Concept Of Public Service (1)”Andhra Pradesh PCS Exam Notes. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  319. ^ Eleanor Chance, Christina Colvin, Janet Cooper, C J Day, T G Hassall, Mary Jessup and Nesta Selwyn, ‘Public Services’, in A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 4, the City of Oxford, ed. Alan Crossley and C R Elrington (London, 1979), pp. 350-364, accessed 5 May 2022
  320. Jump up to:a b Cabinet Office, Office of the Third Sector (2006), Partnership in Public Services: An action plan for third sector involvement, published December 2006, accessed 17 February 2021
  321. ^ Cabinet Office, Modernising Commissioning: Increasing the role of charities, social enterprises, mutuals and cooperatives in public service delivery, page 7, published 2010, accessed 17 February 2021
  322. Jump up to:a b Frank, Sue A.; Lewis, Gregory B. (March 2004). “Government Employees: Working Hard or Hardly Working?”. The American Review of Public Administration34 (1): 36–51. doi:10.1177/0275074003258823S2CID 155017646.
  323. ^ Richwine, Jason (11 September 2012). “Government Employees Work Less than Private-Sector Employees”Backgrounder (2724). The Heritage Foundation: 1–6. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  324. ^ Ovsey, Dan (27 May 2014). “Public sector stigma: The 100,000 workers Tim Hudak removes from the provincial payroll could have a tough transition to the private sector”Financial Post. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  325. Jump up to:a b Volokh, Sasha (7 February 2014). “Are public-sector employees “overpaid”?”The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  326. ^ “Securing decent living standards for all while reducing global energy use”phys.org. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  327. ^ Vogel, Jefim; Steinberger, Julia K.; O’Neill, Daniel W.; Lamb, William F.; Krishnakumar, Jaya (29 June 2021). “Socio-economic conditions for satisfying human needs at low energy use: An international analysis of social provisioning”Global Environmental Change69: 102287. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102287ISSN 0959-3780.
  328. Jump up to:a b Cabinet Office, Open public services: white paper, published 1 July 2011, accessed 8 February 2021
  329. ^ Cabinet Office, Barriers to choice – a review of public services and the government’s response, published on 24 January 2013, accessed on 19 August 2024
  330. Jump up to:a b Open Public Services and Cabinet Office, Choice Charter, published 16 May 2013, accessed 3 May 2024
  331. Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Event coordinator proposal
  332.  Flaherty, Joe (May 14, 2012). “Ford + TechShop: Getting Employees to Tinker”Wired.
  333. ^ Burress, Charles (December 22, 1997). “A Tinkerer’s Paradise in Berkeley / Young, old inventors are offered tools, techniques and inspiration”SF Chronicle.
  334. ^ Carlson, Adam (September 5, 2013). “Top 8 Tools for Building a Personal Prototyping Laboratory”EE Times.
  335. APA Dictionary of Psychology, 1st ed., Gary R. VandenBos, ed., Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007.
  336. ^ Rosenstein, D. & Yopp, J. (2018). The Group: Seven Widowed Fathers Reimagine Life. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-190-64956-2.
  337. ^ Ainsworth, Martha. “E-Therapy: History and Survey”. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
  338. ^ Algtewi, Eamar; Owens, Janine; Baker, Sarah R. (17 April 2017). “Online support groups for head and neck cancer and health-related quality of life”Quality of Life Research26 (9): 2351–2362. doi:10.1007/s11136-017-1575-8ISSN 0962-9343PMC 5548849PMID 28417218.
  339. Jump up to:a b Potts HW. “Online support groups: An overlooked resource for patients” (PDF)He@LTH Information on the Internet44 (1): 6–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2006.
  340. ^ Grohol, John M. (May 2004). “What to Look for in Quality Online Support Groups”. Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
  341. ^ Powell, John; Aileen Clarke (2002). “The WWW of the World Wide Web: Who, What, and Why?”Journal of Medical Internet Research4 (1): e4. doi:10.2196/jmir.4.1.e4PMC 1761925PMID 11956036.
  342. Jump up to:a b Dean, J; Potts, HWW; Barker, C (2016). “Direction to an Internet Support Group Compared With Online Expressive Writing for People With Depression And Anxiety: A Randomized Trial”JMIR Mental Health3 (2): e12. doi:10.2196/mental.5133PMC 4887661PMID 27189142.
  343. ^ Griffiths, KM; Calear, AL; Banfield, M (2009). “Systematic review on Internet Support Groups (ISGs) and depression (1): Do ISGs reduce depressive symptoms?”J Med Internet Res11 (3): e40. doi:10.2196/jmir.1270PMC 2802256PMID 19793719.
  344. ^ Griffiths, KM; Mackinnon, AJ; Crisp, DA; Christensen, H; Bennett, K; Farrer, L (2012). “The effectiveness of an online support group for members of the community with depression: a randomised controlled trial”PLOS ONE7 (12): e53244. Bibcode:2012PLoSO…753244Gdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053244PMC 3532446PMID 23285271.
  345. “Presidency of the Council: ‘Compromise text. Several partial general approaches have been instrumental in converging views in Council on the proposal for a General Data Protection Regulation in its entirety. The text on the Regulation which the Presidency submits for approval as a General Approach appears in annex,’ 201 pages, 11 June 2015, PDF”Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  346. ^ Ryngaert, C & Taylor, M 2020, ‘The GDPR as Global Data Protection Regulation?’, AJIL unbound, vol. 114, pp. 5–9.
  347. ^ “The UK GDPR”Information Commissioner’s Office ico. 28 June 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  348. ^ Francesca Lucarini, “The differences between the California Consumer Privacy Act and the GDPR” Archived 12 July 2020 at the Wayback MachineAdviser
  349. ^ Article 3(2): This Regulation applies to the processing of personal data of data subjects who are in the Union by a controller or processor not established in the Union, where the processing activities are related to: (a) the offering of goods or services, irrespective of whether a payment of the data subject is required, to such data subjects in the Union; or (b) the monitoring of their behaviour as far as their behaviour takes place within the Union.
  350. ^ “What is personal data?”. January 2021. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  351. ^ Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA
  352. ^ The Proposed EU General Data Protection Regulation. A guide for in-house lawyers, Hunton & Williams LLP, June 2015, p. 14
  353. Jump up to:a b Procedure 2012/0011/COD Procedure for the proposed revised legal framework (General Data Protection Regulation)
  354. ^ “Age of consent in the GDPR: updated mapping”iapp.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  355. ^ “How the Proposed EU Data Protection Regulation Is Creating a Ripple Effect Worldwide” Archived 17 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Judy Schmitt, Florian Stahl. 11 October 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  356. Jump up to:a b Hern, Alex (21 May 2018). “Most GDPR emails unnecessary and some illegal, say experts”The GuardianArchived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  357. ^ Kamleitner, Bernadette; Mitchell, Vince (1 October 2019). “Your Data Is My Data: A Framework for Addressing Interdependent Privacy Infringements”Journal of Public Policy & Marketing38 (4): 433–450. doi:10.1177/0743915619858924ISSN 0743-9156S2CID 201343307.
  358. Jump up to:a b c “Official Journal L 119/2016”eur-lex.europa.euArchived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  359. ^ “Guidelines on the right to data portability under Regulation 2016/679”. European Commission. 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  360. ^ Veale, Michael; Binns, Reuben; Ausloos, Jef (2018). “When data protection by design and data subject rights clash”International Data Privacy Law8 (2): 105–123. doi:10.1093/idpl/ipy002.
  361. ^ Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik J. (April 2016). “Singling out people without knowing their names – Behavioural targeting, pseudonymous data, and the new Data Protection Regulation”. Computer Law & Security Review32 (2): 256–271. doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2015.12.013ISSN 0267-3649.
  362. ^ Baldry, Tony; Hyams, Oliver (15 May 2014). “The Right to Be Forgotten”. 1 Essex Court. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  363. ^ P7_TA(2014)0212 Protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data ***I European Parliament legislative resolution of 12 March 2014 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation) (COM(2012)0011 — C7-0025/2012 — 2012/0011(COD)) P7_TC1-COD(2012)0011 Position of the European Parliament adopted at first reading on 12 March 2014 with a view to the adoption of Regulation (EU) No …/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation)
  364. ^ “Practical Data Privacy | Books by Thoughtworkers”Thoughtworks. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  365. Jump up to:a b “Right to object”ico.org.uk. 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  366. ^ Sookman, Barry; Charles Morgan; Adam Goldenberg (30 April 2021). “Using privacy laws to regulate automated decision making”Barry SookmanArchived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  367. ^ Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 4 May 2023. UI v Österreichische Post AG. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Case C-300/21ECLI:EU:C:2023:370: Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data – Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – Article 82(1) – Right to compensation for damage caused by data processing that infringes that regulation – Conditions governing the right to compensation – Mere infringement of that regulation not sufficient – Need for damage caused by that infringement – Compensation for non-material damage resulting from such processing – Incompatibility of a national rule making compensation for such damage subject to the exceeding of a threshold of seriousness – Rules for the determination of damages by national courts.
  368. ^ Österreichische Post (C-300/21), sub 54.
  369. ^ Opinion of Advocate General Campos Sánchez-Bordona delivered on 25 May 2023. ZQ v Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung Nordrhein, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts. Case C‑667/21ECLI:EU:C:2023:433 (Provisional text)
  370. ^ “Privacy notices under the EU General Data Protection Regulation”ico.org.uk. 19 January 2018. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  371. ^ “What information must be given to individuals whose data is collected?”. Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  372. ^ “Privacy and Data Protection by Design – ENISA”. Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  373. ^ Data science under GDPR with pseudonymization in the data pipeline Archived 18 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine Published by Dativa, 17 April 2018
  374. Jump up to:a b Wes, Matt (25 April 2017). “Looking to comply with GDPR? Here’s a primer on anonymization and pseudonymization”. IAPP. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  375. ^ “Secure personal data | European Data Protection Board”www.edpb.europa.eu. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  376. ^ “Data protection by design and default”ico.org.uk. 1 July 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  377. ^ “What if somebody withdraws their consent? – European Commission”commission.europa.eu. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  378. ^ “Explaining GDPR Data Subject Requests”TrueVaultArchived from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  379. ^ “Guidelines on Data Protection Officers (‘DPOs’)”Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  380. ^ Jankowski, Piper-Meredith (21 June 2017). “reach of the GDPR: What is at stake?”LexologyArchived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  381. ^ “EDPB Document on the procedure for the adoption of the EDPB opinions regarding national criteria for certification and European Data Protection Seals | European Data Protection Board”www.edpb.europa.eu. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  382. Jump up to:a b “Art. 42 GDPR – Certification”General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  383. ^ “Europrivacy: the first certification mechanism to ensure compliance with GDPR | Shaping Europe’s digital future”digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  384. ^ “EDPB document on the procedure for the approval of certification criteria by the EDPB resulting in a common certification, the European Data Protection Seal | European Data Protection Board”www.edpb.europa.eu. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  385. ^ “Europrivacy | European Data Protection Board”www.edpb.europa.eu. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  386. ^ “Exemptions”ico.org.uk. 20 July 2020. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  387. ^ Wehlander, Caroline (2016). “”Economic Activity”: Criteria and Relevance in the Fields of EU Internal Market Law, Competition Law and Procurement Law” (PDF). In Wehlander, Caroline (ed.). Services of General Economic Interest as a Constitutional Concept of EU Law. The Hague, Netherlands: TMC Asser Press. pp. 35–65. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-117-3_2ISBN 978-94-6265-116-6Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  388. ^ “The (Extra) Territorial Scope of the GDPR: The Right to Be Forgotten”Fasken.com. 28 November 2019. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  389. ^ “Extraterritorial Scope of GDPR: Do Businesses Outside the EU Need to Comply?”. American Bar Association. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  390. Jump up to:a b c d “UK: Understanding the full impact of Brexit on UK: EU data flows”Privacy MattersDLA Piper. 23 September 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  391. Jump up to:a b c Palmer, Danny. “On data protection, the UK says it will go it alone. It probably won’t”ZDNetArchived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  392. ^ Donnelly, Conor (18 January 2018). “How to transfer data to a ‘third country’ under the GDPR”IT Governance Blog EnArchived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  393. ^ “Digital Rights post-Brexit”YoutubeOpen Rights Group. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022. Video from Open Rights Group developed as an explainer of the UK’s proposals
  394. ^ “New Data Protection Act finalised in the UK”Out-Law.comArchived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  395. ^ Ashford, Warwick (24 May 2018). “New UK Data Protection Act not welcomed by all”Computer WeeklyArchived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  396. ^ Porter, Jon (20 February 2020). “Google shifts authority over UK user data to the US in wake of Brexit”The VergeArchived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  397. ^ “Under-18s face ‘like’ and ‘streaks’ limits”BBC News. 15 April 2019. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  398. ^ Greenfield, Patrick (15 April 2019). “Facebook urged to disable ‘like’ feature for child users”The GuardianISSN 0261-3077Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  399. ^ Afifi-Sabet, Keumars (12 March 2021). “UK seeks divergence from GDPR to ‘fuel growth'”IT PROArchived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  400. ^ “Data sharing myths busted”Information Commissioner’s Office. 19 May 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  401. ^ “Top nine GDPR myths busted”WS Law. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  402. ^ “Five GDPR myth-busters”Field Fisher. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  403. ^ Article 3 (2) of the GDPR
  404. ^ Gooch, Peter (2018). “A new era for privacy – GDPR six months on” (PDF)Deloitte UKArchived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  405. ^ “How Smart Businesses Can Avoid GDPR Penalties When Recording Calls”xewave.io. Archived from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  406. ^ Babel, Chris (11 July 2017). “The High Costs of GDPR Compliance”InformationWeek. UBM Technology Group. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  407. ^ “Preparing for New Privacy Regimes: Privacy Professionals’ Views on the General Data Protection Regulation and Privacy Shield” (PDF)bakermckenzie.com. Baker & McKenzie. 4 May 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  408. ^ Georgiev, Georgi. “GDPR Compliance Cost Calculator”GIGAcalculator.comArchived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  409. ^ Solon, Olivia (19 April 2018). “How Europe’s ‘breakthrough’ privacy law takes on Facebook and Google”The GuardianArchived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  410. ^ “Europe’s new privacy rules are no silver bullet”Politico.eu. 22 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  411. ^ “Lack of GDPR knowledge is a danger and an opportunity”MicroscopeUKArchived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  412. ^ Jeong, Sarah (22 May 2018). “No one’s ready for GDPR”The VergeArchived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  413. ^ Edwards, Elaine (22 February 2018). “New rules on data protection pose compliance issues for firms”The Irish TimesArchived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  414. ^ Chassang, Gauthier (2017). “The impact of the EU general data protection regulation on scientific research”ecancermedicalscience11: 709. doi:10.3332/ecancer.2017.709ISSN 1754-6605PMC 5243137PMID 28144283.
  415. ^ Tarhonen, Laura (2017). “Pseudonymisation of Personal Data According to the General Data Protection Regulation”Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  416. ^ “A recent report issued by the Blockchain Association of Ireland has found there are many more questions than answers when it comes to GDPR”siliconrepublic.com. 23 November 2017. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  417. ^ Sample, Ian (27 January 2017). “AI watchdog needed to regulate automated decision-making, say experts”The GuardianISSN 0261-3077Archived from the original on 18 June 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  418. ^ “EU’s Right to Explanation: A Harmful Restriction on Artificial Intelligence”techzone360.comArchived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  419. ^ Wachter, Sandra; Mittelstadt, Brent; Floridi, Luciano (28 December 2016). “Why a Right to Explanation of Automated Decision-Making Does Not Exist in the General Data Protection Regulation”. International Data Privacy LawSSRN 2903469.
  420. ^ Edwards, Lilian; Veale, Michael (2017). “Slave to the algorithm? Why a “right to an explanation” is probably not the remedy you are looking for”Duke Law and Technology Reviewdoi:10.2139/ssrn.2972855SSRN 2972855.
  421. ^ Frimin, Michael (29 March 2018). “Five benefits GDPR compliance will bring to your business”ForbesArchived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  422. ^ Butterworth, Trevor (23 May 2018). “Europe’s tough new digital privacy law should be a model for US policymakers”. Vox. Archived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  423. ^ Jaffe, Justin; Hautala, Laura (25 May 2018). “What the GDPR means for Facebook, the EU and you”CNETArchived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  424. ^ “Facebook CEO Zuckerberg’s Call for GDPR Privacy Laws Raises Questions”www.cnbc.com. April 2019. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  425. ^ Tiku, Nitasha (19 March 2018). “Europe’s new privacy law will change the web, and more”WiredArchived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  426. ^ Kalyanpur, Nikhil; Newman, Abraham (25 May 2018). “Today, a new E.U. law transforms privacy rights for everyone. Without Edward Snowden, it might never have happened”The Washington PostArchived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  427. ^ Stallman, Richard (3 April 2018). “A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe”The GuardianArchived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  428. ^ Hoofnagle, Chris Jay; van der Sloot, Bart; Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen (10 February 2019). “The European Union general data protection regulation: what it is and what it means”Information & Communications Technology Law28 (1): 65–98. doi:10.1080/13600834.2019.1573501hdl:2066/204503.
  429. ^ Afifi-Sabet, Keumars (3 May 2018). “Scammers are using GDPR email alerts to conduct phishing attacks”IT PROArchived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  430. ^ “EU gov’t and public health sites are lousy with adtech, study finds”TechCrunch. 18 March 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  431. ^ “EU citizens being tracked on sensitive government websites”Financial Times. 18 March 2019. Archived from the original on 19 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  432. ^ “Fall asleep in seconds by listening to a soothing voice read the EU’s new GDPR legislation”The VergeArchived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  433. ^ “How Europe’s GDPR Regulations Became a Meme”WiredArchived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  434. ^ “The Internet Created a GDPR-Inspired Meme Using Privacy Policies”AdweekArchived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  435. ^ Burgess, Matt. “Help, my lightbulbs are dead! How GDPR became bigger than Beyonce”Wired.co.ukArchived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  436. ^ “Here Are Some of the Worst Attempts At Complying with GDPR”Motherboard. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  437. ^ “What Percentage of Your Software Vulnerabilities Have GDPR Implications?” (PDF). HackerOne. 16 January 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  438. ^ “The Data Protection Officer (DPO): Everything You Need to Know”. Cranium and HackerOne. 20 March 2018. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  439. ^ “What might bug bounty programs look like under the GDPR?”. The International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP). 27 March 2018. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  440. ^ Momen, N.; Hatamian, M.; Fritsch, L. (November 2019). “Did App Privacy Improve After the GDPR?”IEEE Security Privacy17 (6): 10–20. doi:10.1109/MSEC.2019.2938445ISSN 1558-4046S2CID 203699369.
  441. ^ Hatamian, Majid; Momen, Nurul; Fritsch, Lothar; Rannenberg, Kai (2019), Naldi, Maurizio; Italiano, Giuseppe F.; Rannenberg, Kai; Medina, Manel (eds.), “A Multilateral Privacy Impact Analysis Method for Android Apps”Privacy Technologies and Policy, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11498, Springer International Publishing, pp. 87–106, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21752-5_7ISBN 978-3-030-21751-8S2CID 184483219archived from the original on 12 July 2020, retrieved 3 June 2020
  442. ^ Moen, Gro Mette, Ailo Krogh Ravna, and Finn Myrstad. “Deceived by design – How tech companies use dark patterns to discourage us from exercising our rights to privacy” Archived 20 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine. 2018. Report by the Norwegian Consumer Council.
  443. ^ “Instapaper is temporarily shutting off access for European users due to GDPR”The VergeArchived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  444. ^ “Unroll.me to close to EU users saying it can’t comply with GDPR”TechCrunch. 5 May 2018. Archived from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  445. ^ Hern, Alex; Waterson, Jim (24 May 2018). “Sites block users, shut down activities and flood inboxes as GDPR rules loom”The GuardianArchived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  446. ^ “Blocking 500 Million Users Is Easier Than Complying With Europe’s New Rules”. Bloomberg L.P. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  447. ^ “U.S. News Outlets Block European Readers Over New Privacy Rules”The New York Times. 25 May 2018. ISSN 0362-4331Archived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  448. ^ “Look: Here’s what EU citizens see now that GDPR has landed”Advertising AgeArchived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  449. ^ Tiku, Nitasha (24 May 2018). “Why Your Inbox Is Crammed Full of Privacy Policies”WiredArchived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  450. ^ Chen, Brian X. (23 May 2018). “Getting a Flood of G.D.P.R.-Related Privacy Policy Updates? Read Them”The New York TimesISSN 0362-4331Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  451. ^ Lanxon, Nate (25 May 2018). “Blocking 500 Million Users Is Easier Than Complying With Europe’s New Rules”BloombergArchived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  452. ^ “GDPR mayhem: Programmatic ad buying plummets in Europe”Digiday. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  453. ^ Skiera, Bernd; Miller, Klaus Matthias; Jin, Yuxi; Kraft, Lennart; Laub, René; Schmitt, Julia (5 July 2022). The impact of the GDPR on the online advertising market. Frankfurt am Main: Bernd Skiera. ISBN 978-3-9824173-0-1OCLC 1322186902.
  454. Jump up to:a b “Press corner”European Commission – European CommissionArchived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  455. ^ “Your rights matter: Data protection and privacy – Fundamental Rights Survey”European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. 12 June 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  456. ^ “GDPR: noyb.eu filed four complaints over ‘forced consent’ against Google, Instagram, WhatsApp and Facebook” (PDF). NOYB.eu. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  457. ^ “Facebook and Google hit with $8.8 billion in lawsuits on day one of GDPR”The VergeArchived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  458. ^ “Max Schrems files first cases under GDPR against Facebook and Google”The Irish TimesArchived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  459. ^ “Facebook, Google face first GDPR complaints over ‘forced consent'”TechCrunch. 25 May 2018. Archived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  460. ^ Meyer, David. “Google, Facebook hit with serious GDPR complaints: Others will be soon”ZDNetArchived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  461. ^ Fox, Chris (21 January 2019). “Google hit with £44m GDPR fine”BBC NewsArchived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  462. ^ Porter, Jon (21 January 2019). “Google fined €50 million for GDPR violation in France”The VergeArchived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  463. ^ Masnick, Mike (19 November 2018). “Yet Another GDPR Disaster: Journalists Ordered To Hand Over Secret Sources Under ‘Data Protection’ Law”Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  464. ^ Bălăiți, George (9 November 2018). “English Translation of the Letter from the Romanian Data Protection Authority to RISE Project”Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting ProjectArchived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  465. ^ “Intention to fine British Airways £183.39m under GDPR for data breach”ICO. 8 July 2019. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  466. ^ Whittaker, Zack (11 September 2018). “British Airways breach caused by credit card skimming malware, researchers say”TechCrunchArchived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  467. ^ “British Airways boss apologises for ‘malicious’ data breach”BBC News. 7 September 2018. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  468. ^ Sweney, Mark (8 July 2019). “BA faces £183m fine over passenger data breach”The GuardianISSN 0261-3077Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  469. ^ “British Airways faces record £183m fine for data breach”BBC News. 8 July 2019. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  470. ^ “ICO fines British Airways £20m for data breach affecting more than 400,000 customers”ICO. 16 October 2020. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  471. ^ Vinocur, Nicholas (27 December 2019). “‘We have a huge problem’: European regulator despairs over lack of enforcement”PoliticoArchived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  472. Jump up to:a b Ryan, Johnny (31 January 2023). “Europe-wide overhaul of GDPR monitoring triggered by ICCL”Irish Council for Civil LibertiesArchived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  473. ^ Alizadeh, Fatemeh; Jakobi, Timo; Boldt, Jens; Stevens, Gunnar (2019). “GDPR-Reality Check on the Right to Access Data”. Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2019. New York: ACM Press. pp. 811–814. doi:10.1145/3340764.3344913ISBN 978-1-4503-7198-8S2CID 202159324.
  474. Jump up to:a b Alizadeh, Fatemeh; Jakobi, Timo; Boden, Alexander; Stevens, Gunnar; Boldt, Jens (2020). “GDPR Reality Check–Claiming and Investigating Personally Identifiable Data from Companies” (PDF)EuroUSECArchived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  475. Jump up to:a b Human, Soheil; Cech, Florian (2021). “A Human-Centric Perspective on Digital Consenting: The Case of GAFAM” (PDF). In Zimmermann, Alfred; Howlett, Robert J.; Jain, Lakhmi C. (eds.). Human Centred Intelligent Systems. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Vol. 189. Singapore: Springer. pp. 139–159. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5784-2_12ISBN 978-981-15-5784-2S2CID 214699040Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  476. ^ Christakis and Propp, Theodore and Kenneth (8 March 2021). “How Europe’s Intelligence Services Aim to Avoid the EU’s Highest Court—and What It Means for the United States”LawfareArchived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  477. ^ Browne, Ryan (18 January 2022). “Fines for breaches of EU privacy law spike sevenfold to $1.2 billion, as Big Tech bears the brunt”CNBCArchived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  478. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (25 May 2018). “The GDPR Is in Effect: Should U.S. Companies Be Afraid?”Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  479. ^ “Commentary: California’s New Data Privacy Law Could Begin a Regulatory Disaster”FortuneArchived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  480. ^ “California Unanimously Passes Historic Privacy Bill”WiredArchived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  481. ^ “Marketers and tech companies confront California’s version of GDPR”Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  482. ^ “Virginia passes the Consumer Data Protection Act”International Association of Privacy Professionals. 3 March 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  483. ^ “Colorado Privacy Act becomes law”International Association of Privacy Professionals. 8 July 2021. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  484. ^ “KİŞİSEL VERİLERİ KORUMA KURUMU | KVKK | History”www.kvkk.gov.tr. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  485. ^ Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its EconomyOxford University PressISBN 9780197682258.
  486. ^ Portal, S. M. E. “New Federal Act on Data Protection (nFADP)”www.kmu.admin.chArchived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  487. ^ Goldberg, Samuel G.; Johnson, Garrett A.; Shriver, Scott K. (2024). “Regulating Privacy Online: An Economic Evaluation of the GDPR”American Economic Journal: Economic Policy16 (1): 325–358. doi:10.1257/pol.20210309ISSN 1945-7731.
  488. ^ “Data protection reform: Council adopts position at first reading – Consilium”. Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  489. ^ Adoption of the Council’s position at first reading Archived 25 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Votewatch.eu
  490. ^ Written procedure Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 8 April 2016, Council of the European Union
  491. ^ “Data protection reform – Parliament approves new rules fit for the digital era – News – European Parliament”. 14 April 2016. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  492. ^ “The History of the General Data Protection Regulation | European Data Protection Supervisor”edps.europa.eu. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  493. ^ “General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) entered into force in the EEA”EFTA. 20 July 2018. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  494. ^ Kolsrud, Kjetil (10 July 2018). “GDPR – 20. juli er datoen!”Rett24Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  495. ^ “Digital Single Market”Digital Single MarketArchived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  496. ^ “What does the ePrivacy Regulation mean for the online industry? – ePrivacy”www.eprivacy.euArchived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  497. ^ “Council position and findings on the application of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 19 December 2019”ConsiliumArchived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.