BIOS Set Up Innovation

Mukesh Singh

BIOS Set Up Innovation

BIOS Setup Innovation

Introduction

The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is a firmware interface that initializes and manages the hardware components of a computer before the operating system loads. Traditionally, BIOS has been a crucial component in system booting, hardware configuration, and diagnostics. However, with advancements in technology, the BIOS setup interface and functionalities have evolved. This document explores recent innovations in BIOS setup, focusing on improvements in user experience, security, and performance.

1. Evolution of BIOS to UEFI

The transition from traditional BIOS to Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) represents one of the most significant innovations in BIOS technology. UEFI offers several advantages over legacy BIOS systems:

  • Graphical User Interface (GUI): Unlike the text-based interface of traditional BIOS, UEFI provides a modern GUI that allows users to navigate easily with a mouse and keyboard.
  • Faster Boot Times: UEFI can initialize hardware components more quickly than BIOS, resulting in faster system boot times.
  • Support for Larger Drives: UEFI supports the GUID Partition Table (GPT), enabling the use of drives larger than 2 TB, which is a limitation in traditional BIOS systems.
  • Secure Boot: UEFI includes a Secure Boot feature that helps prevent unauthorized software from loading during the boot process, enhancing system security.

2. Enhanced User Experience

Recent innovations in BIOS setup focus on improving user experience:

  • Simplified Navigation: Modern UEFI firmware includes intuitive navigation menus, making it easier for users to find and adjust settings without extensive technical knowledge.
  • Search Functionality: Many UEFI setups now incorporate search capabilities, allowing users to quickly locate specific settings or options, reducing time spent navigating through menus.
  • Configuration Profiles: Users can save and load configuration profiles, enabling quick changes between different hardware configurations or performance modes.
  • Visual System Status: Improved visual displays of system status, temperatures, and fan speeds provide real-time information and alerts to users.

3. Advanced Security Features

Security has become a critical concern in computing, and recent BIOS innovations address this need:

  • Firmware Updates: Manufacturers now provide tools within the BIOS setup for easy firmware updates, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities due to outdated firmware.
  • Password Protection: Enhanced password protection features restrict access to the BIOS setup, preventing unauthorized changes to system settings.
  • TPM Integration: Trusted Platform Module (TPM) integration allows for hardware-based security features, such as encryption and secure key management, further enhancing system security.

4. Performance Optimization

BIOS setup innovations also focus on performance improvements:

  • Dynamic Overclocking: Many modern BIOS interfaces allow users to configure dynamic overclocking settings for CPUs and GPUs, optimizing performance based on workload demands.
  • Hardware Monitoring: Advanced hardware monitoring tools within BIOS provide insights into system performance, enabling users to make informed adjustments to cooling and power settings.
  • One-Click Optimization: Some BIOS setups now offer one-click optimization features that automatically adjust settings for optimal performance based on the user’s workload or gaming requirements.

5. Future Trends

As technology continues to evolve, the future of BIOS setup innovations may include:

  • Cloud-Based BIOS Management: Integration with cloud services for remote management and configuration of BIOS settings, allowing IT administrators to manage multiple devices from a central location.
  • AI-Driven Optimization: Utilizing artificial intelligence to analyze system performance and automatically adjust BIOS settings for optimal performance based on user behavior and application demands.
  • Enhanced Customization Options: Greater flexibility in customizing BIOS interfaces, allowing users to create tailored environments suited to their specific needs.

Conclusion

The innovations in BIOS setup, particularly through the transition to UEFI, have significantly enhanced user experience, security, and performance. As technology continues to advance, BIOS setup will likely evolve further, offering new features and capabilities that cater to the needs of users and organizations. Embracing these innovations can lead to improved system efficiency, security, and overall user satisfaction.

Recommendations

  • Educate Users: Provide training for users to familiarize them with new BIOS features and functionalities.
  • Regular Firmware Updates: Encourage regular firmware updates to benefit from security patches and performance enhancements.
  • Monitor Trends: Stay updated on emerging trends in BIOS innovations to leverage new capabilities and maintain a competitive edge.

This overview serves as a foundational document for understanding the current landscape of BIOS setup innovations and their implications for users and organizations.

What is required BIOS Set Up Innovation

Requirements for BIOS Setup Innovation

The innovation of BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) setup interfaces, particularly with the transition to UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), necessitates several key requirements to ensure effectiveness, security, and user-friendliness. These requirements can be categorized into several areas:

1. User Interface Improvements

  • Graphical User Interface (GUI): A modern and intuitive GUI that allows users to navigate settings using a mouse or touchpad.
  • Simplified Navigation: Menus and submenus should be organized logically, with clear labels and descriptions to minimize confusion.
  • Search Functionality: A built-in search feature to quickly locate specific settings without extensive navigation.

2. Enhanced Security Features

  • Secure Boot: The ability to verify the integrity of firmware and software during the boot process, preventing unauthorized code from executing.
  • Password Protection: Options for setting strong passwords to restrict access to BIOS settings and prevent unauthorized changes.
  • Firmware Integrity Checks: Mechanisms to validate the firmware’s integrity before execution to protect against tampering or corruption.

3. Performance Optimization Tools

  • Dynamic Hardware Configuration: Options to adjust settings for overclocking and performance tuning based on system load.
  • Real-time Monitoring: Tools to monitor system health, including temperatures, voltages, and fan speeds, displayed within the BIOS interface.
  • One-Click Optimization: Features that allow users to apply optimal settings automatically based on current hardware capabilities and workload.

4. Compatibility and Support

  • Support for Legacy Systems: Compatibility with both new and legacy hardware to ensure a seamless transition for users upgrading from older BIOS versions.
  • Driver and Firmware Updates: Easy access to update drivers and firmware from within the BIOS setup to maintain system performance and security.
  • Multilingual Support: Availability of multiple language options to accommodate a global user base.

5. Customization and Flexibility

  • User Profiles: Ability to save multiple configurations or profiles that can be easily switched based on user needs (e.g., gaming, productivity, energy saving).
  • Customizable Boot Order: Flexibility to set the order of devices that the system attempts to boot from, enhancing usability during troubleshooting.
  • API Access: Interfaces for developers to create tools or scripts that interact with BIOS settings programmatically.

6. Training and Documentation

  • User Guides and Tutorials: Comprehensive documentation and tutorials that explain BIOS features, settings, and troubleshooting steps.
  • Training Programs: Workshops or online courses for users to learn about new features and how to optimize system performance through BIOS.

7. Future-Proofing

  • Scalability: The ability to accommodate future hardware advancements, such as faster storage devices and new CPU architectures.
  • Cloud Integration: Potential for cloud-based management tools that allow remote configuration and monitoring of BIOS settings across multiple devices.

Conclusion

Implementing innovations in BIOS setup requires careful consideration of user experience, security, performance optimization, and compatibility. By focusing on these requirements, manufacturers and developers can create a BIOS environment that enhances usability and efficiency while meeting the demands of modern computing. Addressing these needs will help users maximize their systems’ capabilities and ensure a more secure and user-friendly computing experience.

Who is required BIOS Set Up Innovation

Stakeholders Required for BIOS Setup Innovation

The innovation of BIOS setup interfaces, particularly with the shift to more advanced systems like UEFI, involves various stakeholders across different sectors. Here’s a breakdown of who is required in the process of BIOS setup innovation:

1. Hardware Manufacturers

  • Motherboard Manufacturers: Companies that produce motherboards must integrate innovative BIOS features and ensure compatibility with the latest hardware.
  • Peripheral Manufacturers: Developers of peripherals (e.g., graphics cards, storage devices) need to work closely with motherboard manufacturers to ensure BIOS supports their devices effectively.

2. Firmware Developers

  • BIOS/UEFI Developers: Software engineers specialized in firmware development are crucial for designing and implementing new BIOS features, ensuring they function correctly and efficiently.
  • Security Engineers: Experts in cybersecurity are essential for integrating security features like Secure Boot, firmware integrity checks, and password protections.

3. System Integrators

  • PC Builders and Integrators: Businesses that assemble and sell custom PCs need to understand and implement innovative BIOS features to meet customer demands for performance and security.

4. IT Professionals

  • System Administrators: Professionals responsible for managing computer systems in organizations must be trained on the new BIOS features to optimize system configurations and maintain security.
  • Support Technicians: Technical support staff need knowledge of innovative BIOS features to assist users effectively in troubleshooting and configuration.

5. End Users

  • Consumers: Individuals who use personal computers will benefit from BIOS innovations, and their feedback can guide future improvements.
  • Gamers and Enthusiasts: Users who engage in gaming or performance-intensive tasks often seek advanced features for overclocking and customization, making their input valuable for BIOS development.

6. Regulatory and Standards Organizations

  • Industry Standards Bodies: Organizations such as IEEE or UEFI Forum set guidelines and standards for BIOS and firmware development, ensuring consistency and security across different systems.
  • Compliance Agencies: Regulatory bodies may require adherence to security and safety standards that impact BIOS functionality.

7. Educators and Trainers

  • Training Institutions: Organizations providing education in computer science or IT should incorporate BIOS training into their curriculum to prepare future professionals.
  • Online Course Providers: Platforms offering online courses can help disseminate knowledge about new BIOS features and best practices.

8. Research and Development Teams

  • Innovation Teams: R&D teams within companies focused on developing new technologies should explore trends in BIOS innovations and their implications for future systems.
  • User Experience Researchers: Professionals who study user behavior can provide insights into how users interact with BIOS setups, helping to inform
  • Schumpeter, Joseph A., 1883–1950 (1983). The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Opie, Redvers,, Elliott, John E. New Brunswick, New Jersey. 

Conclusion

The innovation of BIOS setup interfaces is a collaborative effort that involves a diverse range of stakeholders, from hardware and firmware developers to end-users and educators. Engaging these groups throughout the development process ensures that BIOS innovations meet the needs of modern computing environments while enhancing performance, security, and usability. By fostering collaboration among these stakeholders, the industry can continue to advance BIOS technology effectively.

When is required BIOS Set Up Innovation

The innovation of BIOS setup, particularly with the transition to UEFI and the enhancement of BIOS features, is driven by various factors and occurs at different times based on specific requirements. Here’s an outline of when BIOS setup innovation is typically required:

1. Hardware Development Cycles

  • New Hardware Releases: When new motherboards, CPUs, or other critical components are released, BIOS innovations are often required to support new technologies and functionalities.
  • Advancements in Storage Technologies: The introduction of faster storage solutions, such as NVMe drives, necessitates updates to BIOS setups to ensure compatibility and performance optimization.

2. Operating System Updates

  • New OS Versions: When major operating systems (like Windows, Linux, or macOS) are updated, corresponding BIOS innovations may be needed to support new features, security enhancements, and hardware compatibility.
  • Security Updates: Operating systems increasingly require secure boot features to protect against unauthorized access, prompting updates to BIOS setups.

3. Security Threats

  • Emerging Security Vulnerabilities: As new security threats emerge, timely innovations in BIOS setup are crucial to implement protections such as Secure Boot and firmware integrity checks.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Changes in regulations regarding data protection and system security may necessitate BIOS updates to ensure compliance with industry standards.

4. Market Demands

  • Consumer Expectations: As user expectations evolve—especially among gamers and performance enthusiasts—there’s a need for ongoing innovations in BIOS setups to provide enhanced features like dynamic overclocking and improved monitoring.
  • Corporate Needs: Organizations require BIOS innovations to enhance manageability, security, and performance in their computing environments.

5. Technological Advancements

  • Integration of New Technologies: The development of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, can lead to innovative features in BIOS setups to optimize system performance based on usage patterns.
  • Cloud Computing Trends: As cloud computing becomes more prevalent, BIOS innovations may be needed to support remote management capabilities and integration with cloud services.

6. Feedback Loops

  • User Feedback: Continuous feedback from users regarding BIOS usability and features can lead to timely innovations aimed at enhancing the user experience.
  • Performance Monitoring: Ongoing analysis of system performance and diagnostics may highlight areas where BIOS can be improved, prompting updates.

Conclusion

The need for BIOS setup innovation arises during specific hardware and software development cycles, in response to emerging security threats, evolving market demands, and technological advancements. By recognizing these key moments, manufacturers, developers, and system integrators can ensure that BIOS setups remain relevant, secure, and user-friendly, ultimately enhancing the overall computing experience. Regularly assessing the need for innovation helps maintain the effectiveness and security of BIOS setups in an ever-changing technological landscape.

Where is required BIOS Set Up Innovation

Locations Where BIOS Setup Innovation is Required

The innovation of BIOS setup interfaces, especially with the transition to UEFI, is necessary in various locations within the technology ecosystem. Here’s an overview of where BIOS setup innovation is required:

1. Consumer Electronics

  • Personal Computers (PCs): Innovations in BIOS setups are crucial for desktops and laptops to ensure compatibility with the latest hardware, operating systems, and user requirements.
  • Gaming Consoles: Gaming systems often require advanced BIOS features for performance optimization and security, catering to the needs of gamers.

2. Enterprise Environments

  • Corporate Workstations: Businesses rely on innovative BIOS features for enhanced security, manageability, and performance of workstations used by employees.
  • Servers: Data centers and server farms need robust BIOS innovations to support virtualization, cloud computing, and advanced security measures.

3. Embedded Systems

  • IoT Devices: Internet of Things (IoT) devices require BIOS innovations to manage hardware efficiently, optimize performance, and ensure security in connected environments.
  • Industrial Equipment: BIOS innovations in industrial systems are essential for managing hardware configurations and maintaining operational security.

4. Educational Institutions

  • Labs and Classrooms: Schools and universities utilize computers with BIOS setups that may require innovation to support educational software and enhance user experience for students and faculty.

5. Research Facilities

  • High-Performance Computing (HPC): Research institutions rely on cutting-edge BIOS features to manage powerful computing resources for data-intensive applications.
  • Laboratories: Specialized equipment in laboratories may require BIOS innovations to optimize performance and ensure compatibility with specific software.

6. Consumer Support Centers

  • Technical Support Services: Companies that provide tech support need to ensure their tools and knowledge base include updated BIOS innovations to assist users effectively in troubleshooting and configuration.

7. Retail and Distribution

  • Retail Stores: Electronics retailers must keep their products updated with the latest BIOS innovations to meet consumer expectations and performance standards.
  • Distribution Channels: Wholesalers and distributors should ensure that the devices they sell include the latest BIOS updates for enhanced user satisfaction.

8. Development and Testing Labs

  • Prototyping Labs: Hardware developers need innovative BIOS features to test new technologies and ensure compatibility with various components during the development phase.
  • Quality Assurance Labs: Testing teams rely on the latest BIOS innovations to validate the performance and security of new products before they reach the market.

Conclusion

BIOS setup innovation is required across multiple locations within the technology ecosystem, including consumer electronics, enterprise environments, embedded systems, educational institutions, and research facilities. By focusing on these areas, manufacturers and developers can enhance the effectiveness, security, and user experience of BIOS setups, ensuring that they meet the diverse needs of users in various sectors. Regular updates and innovations in BIOS are essential for keeping pace with technological advancements and evolving user demands.

How is required BIOS Set Up Innovation

The innovation of BIOS setups, particularly in light of the transition to UEFI and the demand for enhanced features, involves several critical processes and methodologies. Here’s an overview of how BIOS setup innovation is required:

1. Adopting New Standards and Protocols

  • Transition to UEFI: Implementing UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) instead of traditional BIOS requires a complete redesign of firmware to accommodate new standards that support larger boot volumes, faster boot times, and more complex configurations.
  • Integration of Secure Boot: BIOS innovations must incorporate secure boot protocols to ensure that only trusted software is loaded during the boot process, enhancing system security against malware and unauthorized access.

2. User Interface Improvements

  • Graphical User Interface (GUI): Moving from text-based interfaces to more intuitive graphical interfaces can enhance user experience and accessibility, allowing users to configure settings more easily.
  • Simplified Navigation: Innovations should focus on streamlining navigation and settings adjustment, making it easier for users of all skill levels to access BIOS features.

3. Enhanced Security Features

  • Firmware Security Measures: Implementing features such as firmware integrity checks and password protection in BIOS setups is critical to safeguard against unauthorized access and firmware attacks.
  • TPM Integration: The incorporation of Trusted Platform Module (TPM) support is essential for enabling advanced security features, such as hardware-based encryption and secure key storage.

4. Performance Optimization

  • Overclocking Capabilities: Innovations in BIOS setups can include advanced settings for overclocking, allowing enthusiasts and professionals to maximize hardware performance.
  • Dynamic Resource Management: BIOS innovations should incorporate algorithms for better resource allocation and power management, enhancing overall system performance and energy efficiency.

5. Support for New Hardware Technologies

  • Compatibility with New Components: BIOS setups must innovate to support the latest hardware technologies, such as PCIe 4.0/5.0, NVMe storage, and advanced graphics solutions, ensuring seamless integration.
  • Customization Options: Providing users with the ability to customize hardware settings, such as fan controls and voltage settings, is essential for tailoring systems to specific workloads or preferences.

6.User Education and Documentation

  • Comprehensive Documentation: Clear and detailed documentation regarding new features and settings in BIOS setups is vital for user understanding and effective configuration.
  • Training Programs: Developing training programs for IT professionals and users can facilitate better comprehension of BIOS innovations and how to leverage them effectively.

7. Feedback and Iterative Development

  • User Feedback Mechanisms: Establishing channels for users to provide feedback on BIOS features helps developers identify areas for improvement and innovation.
  • Beta Testing Programs: Engaging users in beta testing new BIOS features allows for real-world feedback and adjustments before final releases.

8. Collaboration Across Stakeholders

  • Cross-Industry Collaboration: Working with hardware manufacturers, software developers, and security experts ensures that BIOS innovations meet the needs of all stakeholders.
  • Standards Bodies Participation: Engaging with organizations that set industry standards helps align innovations with broader technological trends and regulatory requirements.

Conclusion

The requirement for BIOS setup innovation encompasses adopting new standards, enhancing user interfaces, improving security, optimizing performance, and supporting new technologies. By focusing on these areas, manufacturers can ensure that BIOS setups evolve to meet the demands of modern computing environments. This process is iterative and collaborative, emphasizing the importance of user feedback and stakeholder engagement to drive effective BIOS innovation.

Case Study on BIOS Set Up Innovation

Case Study: BIOS Setup Innovation in a Modern Computing Environment

Background

With the rapid advancements in computing technology, particularly in hardware and operating systems, the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) has had to evolve significantly. This case study focuses on a fictional technology company, TechWave, which undertook a project to innovate its BIOS setup in response to changing market demands, user expectations, and security requirements.

Objectives

  • Enhance User Experience: Improve the user interface and overall accessibility of the BIOS setup.
  • Integrate Security Features: Implement advanced security protocols to protect against emerging threats.
  • Support New Hardware: Ensure compatibility with the latest CPU and storage technologies.
  • Improve Performance: Optimize boot times and resource management.

Approach

  1. User Research and Feedback
    • Tech Wave conducted surveys and focus groups with customers to gather insights on pain points with the existing BIOS setup.
    • Common issues identified included difficulty in navigation, lack of understanding of advanced features, and concerns about security vulnerabilities.
  2. Transition to UEFI
    • The company decided to transition from traditional BIOS to UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) to take advantage of its advanced capabilities.
    • UEFI provided faster boot times, support for larger drives, and a more user-friendly graphical interface.
  3. User Interface Redesign
    • A team of UI/UX designers worked on creating an intuitive graphical interface that included:
      • Easy-to-navigate menus.
      • Contextual help options that provided explanations for each setting.
      • A customizable dashboard that allowed users to prioritize frequently accessed settings.
  4. Enhanced Security Measures
    • Tech Wave implemented secure boot protocols and integrated Trusted Platform Module (TPM) support to enhance hardware security.
    • Additional features included firmware integrity checks and password protection for accessing BIOS settings.
  5. Hardware Compatibility
    • The development team ensured that the new BIOS setup supported the latest hardware technologies, including PCIe 5.0 and NVMe SSDs.
    • Customization options were added for advanced users to manage overclocking and power settings.
  6. Performance Optimization
    • The team focused on optimizing the boot process, achieving a 30% reduction in boot time.
    • Resource management algorithms were integrated to allocate CPU and memory resources efficiently during startup.
  7. Testing and Feedback Iteration
    • Beta testing was conducted with select customers to gather real-world feedback.
    • Based on user input, several adjustments were made to the interface and feature set before the final release.
  8. Documentation and Training
    • Comprehensive user manuals and online resources were created to help users understand and utilize the new features.
    • TechWave offered webinars and training sessions to educate users on the benefits and usage of the new BIOS setup.

Results

  • User Satisfaction: Post-launch surveys indicated a 40% increase in user satisfaction regarding BIOS setup ease of use and security features.
  • Adoption Rate: The new BIOS setup saw a high adoption rate among existing customers, leading to a 25% increase in system sales.
  • Performance Gains: The optimization led to faster boot times and improved system performance, reinforcing Tech Wave’s reputation as a leading technology provider.
  • Security Improvements: The integration of advanced security features significantly reduced incidents of unauthorized access and firmware attacks.

Conclusion

The BIOS setup innovation project at Tech Wave exemplifies how a focused approach on user needs, security requirements, and technological advancements can lead to significant improvements in system performance and user satisfaction. By transitioning to UEFI, enhancing the user interface, and implementing robust security features, Tech Wave successfully positioned itself to meet modern computing demands and stay ahead of its competitors in the technology market.

White Paper on BIOS Set Up Innovation

White Paper on BIOS Setup Innovation

Executive Summary

As technology evolves, the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) plays a crucial role in ensuring that computers operate efficiently, securely, and compatibly with modern hardware and software. This white paper explores the necessity for innovation in BIOS setup, the implications of transitioning to Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), and best practices for implementing such innovations. The objective is to provide stakeholders with a comprehensive understanding of BIOS setup innovation and its impact on user experience, security, and system performance.

Introduction

Historically, BIOS has served as the fundamental interface between the operating system and the hardware of a computer. However, as computing requirements become increasingly complex and security threats grow more sophisticated, traditional BIOS systems are struggling to keep pace. The transition to UEFI offers an opportunity to revolutionize BIOS setups, providing enhanced features, improved security, and better support for modern hardware.

Purpose of the White Paper

This white paper aims to:

  • Analyze the current challenges faced by traditional BIOS setups.
  • Discuss the benefits of UEFI as an innovative alternative.
  • Provide guidelines for implementing BIOS setup innovations effectively.

Challenges of Traditional BIOS

1. Limited User Interface

Traditional BIOS interfaces are often text-based and lack intuitiveness, making it challenging for users to navigate settings, particularly for those who may not be technically proficient.

2. Security Vulnerabilities

As cyber threats evolve, traditional BIOS setups that lack robust security measures expose systems to risks, including malware attacks and unauthorized access.

3. Performance Limitations

Boot times in traditional BIOS systems can be slow, particularly as hardware complexity increases. The inability to efficiently manage resources during startup can lead to suboptimal performance.

4. Compatibility Issues

With the rapid development of new hardware technologies (e.g., NVMe drives, PCIe 5.0), traditional BIOS often struggles to maintain compatibility, hindering system performance and user satisfaction.

The Case for UEFI Innovation

1. Enhanced User Experience

UEFI supports graphical user interfaces (GUIs), allowing for more intuitive navigation and customization options. This innovation simplifies the user experience, making it accessible to a broader range of users.

2. Improved Security Features

UEFI incorporates secure boot mechanisms and firmware integrity checks, significantly reducing the risk of malicious attacks. These features ensure that only trusted software is executed during the boot process.

3. Faster Boot Times

UEFI’s architecture allows for quicker initialization of hardware and faster boot processes. This is critical for modern computing environments where efficiency is paramount.

4. Advanced Hardware Support

UEFI provides native support for larger storage devices and newer technologies, enabling systems to utilize advanced hardware configurations without compatibility issues.

Implementing BIOS Setup Innovations

1. Transitioning to UEFI

Organizations must prioritize the transition from traditional BIOS to UEFI. This involves updating firmware, ensuring compatibility with existing systems, and providing support for new hardware.

2. User-Centric Design

Developers should focus on creating user-friendly interfaces that include:

  • Contextual help and tutorials.
  • Customizable dashboards for easy access to frequently used settings.
  • Clear organization of menus and options.

3. Security Integration

Innovations must emphasize security, including:

  • Implementation of secure boot and TPM (Trusted Platform Module) support.
  • Regular updates to firmware to address vulnerabilities.
  • User education on security best practices.

4. Performance Optimization

Continuous performance monitoring and resource management should be prioritized. This includes optimizing boot sequences, managing CPU and memory allocation, and reducing initialization times.

5. Comprehensive Documentation and Training

Providing thorough documentation, online resources, and training programs for users and IT professionals is essential to ensure effective use of new features and settings.

Conclusion

BIOS setup innovation is crucial in adapting to the evolving landscape of computing technology. Transitioning to UEFI and implementing user-centric, secure, and efficient BIOS setups will enhance the overall user experience, bolster system security, and improve performance. Organizations that prioritize these innovations will position themselves competitively in a technology-driven marketplace.

Recommendations

  1. Investment in Research and Development: Organizations should allocate resources to R&D for developing innovative BIOS solutions.
  2. Collaborative Development: Engage with stakeholders across the technology ecosystem, including hardware manufacturers and software developers, to ensure compatibility and address user needs.
  3. Regular Updates and Support: Commit to ongoing support and updates for BIOS systems to keep pace with emerging technologies and security threats.
  4. User Feedback Mechanisms: Establish channels for users to provide feedback on BIOS setups, enabling continuous improvement based on real-world usage.

By embracing BIOS setup innovation, organizations can enhance their systems’ efficiency, security, and user satisfaction, ensuring they remain at the forefront of technological advancement.

  1. “How the Human Eye Sees.” WebMD. Ed. Alan Kozarsky. WebMD, 3 October 2015. Web. 27 March 2016.
  2. ^ Than, Ker. “How the Human Eye Works.” LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 10 February 2010. Web. 27 March 2016.
  3. ^ “How the Human Eye Works | Cornea Layers/Role | Light Rays.” NKCF. The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute. Web. 27 March 2016.
  4. ^ Albertine, Kurt. Barron’s Anatomy Flash Cards
  5. ^ Tillotson, Joanne. McCann, Stephanie. Kaplan’s Medical Flashcards. April 2, 2013.
  6. ^ “Optic Chiasma.” Optic Chiasm Function, Anatomy & Definition. Healthline Medical Team, 9 March 2015. Web. 27 March 2016.
  7. ^ Jefferey, G., and M. M. Neveu. “Chiasm Formation in Man Is Fundamentally Different from That in the Mouse.” Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 21 March 2007. Web. 27 March 2016.
  8. ^ Card, J. Patrick, and Robert Y. Moore. “Organization of Lateral Geniculate-hypothalamic Connections in the Rat.” Wiley Online Library. 1 June. 1989. Web. 27 March 2016.
  9. ^ Murphy, Penelope C.; Duckett, Simon G.; Sillito, Adam M. (1999-11-19). “Feedback Connections to the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Cortical Response Properties”. Science. 286 (5444): 1552–1554. doi:10.1126/science.286.5444.1552. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10567260.
  10. ^ Schiller, P. H.; Malpeli, J. G. (1978-05-01). “Functional specificity of lateral geniculate nucleus laminae of the rhesus monkey”. Journal of Neurophysiology. 41 (3): 788–797. doi:10.1152/jn.1978.41.3.788. ISSN 0022-3077. PMID 96227.
  11. ^ Schmielau, F.; Singer, W. (1977). “The role of visual cortex for binocular interactions in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus”. Brain Research. 120 (2): 354–361. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90914-3. PMID 832128. S2CID 28796357.
  12. ^ Clay Reid, R.; Alonso, Jose-Manuel (1995-11-16). “Specificity of monosynaptic connections from thalamus to visual cortex”. Nature. 378 (6554): 281–284. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..281C. doi:10.1038/378281a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 7477347. S2CID 4285683.
  13. ^ Zhaoping, Li (2014-05-08). “The V1 hypothesis—creating a bottom-up saliency map for preattentive selection and segmentation”. Understanding Vision: Theory, Models, and Data (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199564668.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-956466-8.
  14. ^ Heim, Stefan; Eickhoff, Simon B.; Ischebeck, Anja K.; Friederici, Angela D.; Stephan, Klaas E.; Amunts, Katrin (2009). “Effective connectivity of the left BA 44, BA 45, and inferior temporal gyrus during lexical and phonological decisions identified with DCM”. Human Brain Mapping. 30 (2): 392–402. doi:10.1002/hbm.20512. ISSN 1065-9471. PMC 6870893. PMID 18095285.
  15. ^ Catani, Marco, and Derek K. Jones. “Brain.” Occipito‐temporal Connections in the Human Brain. 23 June 2003. Web. 27 March 2016.
  16. ^ Benevento, Louis A.; Standage, Gregg P. (1983-07-01). “The organization of projections of the retinorecipient and nonretinorecipient nuclei of the pretectal complex and layers of the superior colliculus to the lateral pulvinar and medial pulvinar in the macaque monkey”. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 217 (3): 307–336. doi:10.1002/cne.902170307. ISSN 0021-9967. PMID 6886056. S2CID 44794002.
  17. ^ Hirsch, Ja; Gilbert, Cd (1991-06-01). “Synaptic physiology of horizontal connections in the cat’s visual cortex”. The Journal of Neuroscience. 11 (6): 1800–1809. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.11-06-01800.1991. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6575415. PMID 1675266.
  18. ^ Schall, JD; Morel, A.; King, DJ; Bullier, J. (1995-06-01). “Topography of visual cortex connections with frontal eye field in macaque: convergence and segregation of processing streams”. The Journal of Neuroscience. 15 (6): 4464–4487. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-06-04464.1995. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6577698. PMID 7540675.
  19. ^ Moser, May-Britt, and Edvard I. Moser. “Functional Differentiation in the Hippocampus.” Wiley Online Library. 1998. Web. 27 March 2016.
  20. ^ Kanaseki, T.; Sprague, J. M. (1974-12-01). “Anatomical organization of pretectal nuclei and tectal laminae in the cat”. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 158 (3): 319–337. doi:10.1002/cne.901580307. ISSN 0021-9967. PMID 4436458. S2CID 38463227.
  21. ^ Reiner, Anton, and Harvey J. Karten. “Parasympathetic Ocular Control — Functional Subdivisions and Circuitry of the Avian Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal.”Science Direct. 1983. Web. 27 March 2016.
  22. ^ Welsh, David K; Logothetis, Diomedes E; Meister, Markus; Reppert, Steven M (April 1995). “Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms”. Neuron. 14 (4): 697–706. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90214-7. PMID 7718233.
  23. ^ “The Optic Pathway – Eye Disorders”. MSD Manual Professional Edition. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  24. ^ Güler, A.D.; et al. (May 2008). “Melanopsin cells are the principal conduits for rod/cone input to non-image forming vision” (Abstract). Nature. 453 (7191): 102–5. Bibcode:2008Natur.453..102G. doi:10.1038/nature06829. PMC 2871301. PMID 18432195.
  25. ^ Jump up to:a b Nave, R. “Light and Vision”. HyperPhysics. Retrieved 2014-11-13.
  26. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Tovée 2008
  27. ^ Saladin, Kenneth D. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
  28. ^ “Webvision: Ganglion cell Physiology”. Archived from the original on 2011-01-23. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  29. ^ “Calculating the speed of sight”.
  30. ^ Jump up to:a b Zaidi FH, Hull JT, Peirson SN, et al. (December 2007). “Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina”. Curr. Biol. 17 (24): 2122–8. Bibcode:2007CBio…17.2122Z. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.034. PMC 2151130. PMID 18082405.
  31. ^ Jump up to:a b Sundsten, John W.; Nolte, John (2001). The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 410–447. ISBN 978-0-323-01320-8. OCLC 47892833.
  32. ^ Lucas RJ, Hattar S, Takao M, Berson DM, Foster RG, Yau KW (January 2003). “Diminished pupillary light reflex at high irradiances in melanopsin-knockout mice”. Science. 299 (5604): 245–7. Bibcode:2003Sci…299..245L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1028.8525. doi:10.1126/science.1077293. PMID 12522249. S2CID 46505800.
  33. ^ Turner, Howard R. (1997). “Optics”. Science in medieval Islam: an illustrated introduction. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-292-78149-8. OCLC 440896281.
  34. ^ Vesalius 1543
  35. ^ Jump up to:a b Li, Z (2002). “A saliency map in primary visual cortex”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 6 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01817-9. PMID 11849610. S2CID 13411369.
  36. ^ Zhaoping, L. (2019). “A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex”. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 58: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.06.001. PMID 31271931. S2CID 195806018.
  37. ^ Jessell, Thomas M.; Kandel, Eric R.; Schwartz, James H. (2000). “27. Central visual pathways”. Principles of neural science. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 533–540. ISBN 978-0-8385-7701-1. OCLC 42073108.
  38. ^ Heider, Barbara; Spillmann, Lothar; Peterhans, Esther (2002) “Stereoscopic Illusory Contours— Cortical Neuron Responses and Human Perception” J. Cognitive Neuroscience 14:7 pp.1018-29 Archived 2016-10-11 at the Wayback Machine accessdate=2014-05-18
  39. ^ Mishkin M, Ungerleider LG (1982). “Contribution of striate inputs to the visuospatial functions of parieto-preoccipital cortex in monkeys”. Behav. Brain Res. 6 (1): 57–77. doi:10.1016/0166-4328(82)90081-X. PMID 7126325. S2CID 33359587.
  40. ^ Farivar R. (2009). “Dorsal-ventral integration in object recognition”. Brain Res. Rev. 61 (2): 144–53. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.05.006. PMID 19481571. S2CID 6817815.
  41. ^ Barlow, H. (1961) “Possible principles underlying the transformation of sensory messages” in Sensory Communication, MIT Press
  42. ^ Jump up to:a b Zhaoping, Li (2014). Understanding vision: theory, models, and data. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-882936-2.
  43. ^ Fox, Michael D.; et al. (2005). “From The Cover: The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks”. PNAS. 102 (27): 9673–9678. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.9673F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102. PMC 1157105. PMID 15976020.
  44. ^ Lane, Kenneth A. (2012). Visual Attention in Children: Theories and Activities. SLACK. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-55642-956-9. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  45. ^ Adams, Russell J.; Courage, Mary L.; Mercer, Michele E. (1994). “Systematic measurement of human neonatal color vision”. Vision Research. 34 (13): 1691–1701. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)90127-9. ISSN 0042-6989. PMID 7941376. S2CID 27842977.
  46. ^ Hansson EE, Beckman A, Håkansson A (December 2010). “Effect of vision, proprioception, and the position of the vestibular organ on postural sway” (PDF). Acta Otolaryngol. 130 (12): 1358–63. doi:10.3109/00016489.2010.498024. PMID 20632903. S2CID 36949084.
  47. ^ Wade MG, Jones G (June 1997). “The role of vision and spatial orientation in the maintenance of posture”. Phys Ther. 77 (6): 619–28. doi:10.1093/ptj/77.6.619. PMID 9184687.
  48. ^ Teasdale N, Stelmach GE, Breunig A (November 1991). “Postural sway characteristics of the elderly under normal and altered visual and support surface conditions”. J Gerontol. 46 (6): B238–44. doi:10.1093/geronj/46.6.B238. PMID 1940075.
  49. ^ Jump up to:a b Shabana N, Cornilleau-Pérès V, Droulez J, Goh JC, Lee GS, Chew PT (June 2005). “Postural stability in primary open angle glaucoma”. Clin. Experiment. Ophthalmol. 33 (3): 264–73. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.01003.x. PMID 15932530. S2CID 26286705.
  50. ^ Jump up to:a b Schwartz S, Segal O, Barkana Y, Schwesig R, Avni I, Morad Y (March 2005). “The effect of cataract surgery on postural control”. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46 (3): 920–4. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0543. PMID 15728548.
  51. ^ Wade LR, Weimar WH, Davis J (December 2004). “Effect of personal protective eyewear on postural stability”. Ergonomics. 47 (15): 1614–23. doi:10.1080/00140130410001724246. PMID 15545235. S2CID 22219417.
  52. ^ Barela JA, Sanches M, Lopes AG, Razuk M, Moraes R (2011). “Use of monocular and binocular visual cues for postural control in children”. J Vis. 11 (12): 10. doi:10.1167/11.12.10. PMID 22004694.
  53. ^ “Vision”. International Journal of Stroke. 5 (3_suppl): 67. 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00516.x.
  54. ^ Harvard Health Publications (2010). The Aging Eye: Preventing and treating eye disease. Harvard Health Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-935555-16-2. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  55. ^ Bellingham J, Wilkie SE, Morris AG, Bowmaker JK, Hunt DM (February 1997). “Characterisation of the ultraviolet-sensitive opsin gene in the honey bee, Apis mellifera”. Eur. J. Biochem. 243 (3): 775–81. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00775.x. PMID 9057845.
  56. ^ Safer AB, Grace MS (September 2004). “Infrared imaging in vipers: differential responses of crotaline and viperine snakes to paired thermal targets”. Behav. Brain Res. 154 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2004.01.020. PMID 15302110. S2CID 39736880.
  57. ^ “(2018) “Peacock Mantis Shrimp” National Aquarium“. Archived from the original on 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
  58. ^ David Fleshler(10-15-2012) South Florida Sun-Sentinel Archived 2013-02-03 at archive.today,
  59. ^ Single-Celled Planktonic Organisms Have Animal-Like Eyes, Scientists Say
  60. ^ Li, L; Connors, MJ; Kolle, M; England, GT; Speiser, DI; Xiao, X; Aizenberg, J; Ortiz, C (2015). “Multifunctionality of chiton biomineralized armor with an integrated visual system”. Science. 350 (6263): 952–6. doi:10.1126/science.aad1246. hdl:1721.1/100035. PMID 26586760.
  61. ^ Bok, Michael J.; Porter, Megan L.; Nilsson, Dan-Eric (July 2017). “Phototransduction in fan worm radiolar eyes”. Current Biology. 27 (14): R698–R699. Bibcode:2017CBio…27.R698B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.093. hdl:1983/3793ef99-753c-4c60-8d91-92815395387a. PMID 28743013. cited by Evolution of fan worm eyes (August 1, 2017) Phys.org
  62. ^ Margaret., Livingstone (2008). Vision and art: the biology of seeing. Hubel, David H. New York: Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-9554-3. OCLC 192082768.
  63. ^ Renner, Ben (January 9, 2019). “Which species, including humans, has the sharpest vision? Study debunks old beliefs”. Study Finds. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  64. ^ Kirk, E. Christopher; Kay, Richard F. (2004), Ross, Callum F.; Kay, Richard F. (eds.), “The Evolution of High Visual Acuity in the Anthropoidea”, Anthropoid Origins: New Visions, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 539–602, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8873-7_20, ISBN 978-1-4419-8873-7, retrieved 2024-11-02
  65. ^ Gibeault, Stephanie (March 22, 2018). “Do Dogs Have Self-Awareness?”. American Kennel Club. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  66. ^ “Animal senses: How they differ from humans”. Animalpha. September 14, 2023. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  67. ^ Jump up to:a b Gross CG (1994). “How inferior temporal cortex became a visual area”. Cereb. Cortex. 4 (5): 455–69. doi:10.1093/cercor/4.5.455. PMID 7833649.
  68. ^ Jump up to:a b c Schiller PH (1986). “The central visual system”. Vision Res. 26 (9): 1351–86. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(86)90162-8. ISSN 0042-6989. PMID 3303663. S2CID 5247746.
  69. “W25X20CL Datasheet”. Winbond. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  70. ^ “What is firmware?”. 23 January 2013.
  71. ^ Opler, Ascher (January 1967). “Fourth-Generation Software”. Datamation. 13 (1): 22–24.
  72. ^ “Introduction to Computer Applications and Concepts. Module 3: System Software”. Lumen.
  73. ^ Mielewczik, Michael (2000). “Firmware-Update. Mehr Speed und Sicherheit”. PC Praxis (in German). 1/2000: 68.
  74. ^ Jump up to:a b “Flashing Firmware”. Tech-Faq.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
  75. ^ “HTC Developer Center”. HTC. Archived from the original on April 26, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
  76. ^ “Equation Group: The Crown Creator of Cyber-Espionage”. Kaspersky Lab. February 16, 2015. Archived from the original on December 2, 2015.
  77. ^ Dan Goodin (February 2015). “How “omnipotent” hackers tied to NSA hid for 14 years—and were found at last”. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 2016-04-24.
  78. ^ “Breaking: Kaspersky Exposes NSA’s Worldwide, Backdoor Hacking of Virtually All Hard-Drive Firmware”. Daily Kos. February 17, 2015. Archived from the original on February 25, 2015.
  79. ^ “Shuttleworth Calls for Declarative Firmware”. Linux Magazine. No. 162. May 2014. p. 9.
  80. ^ Shuttleworth, Mark (March 17, 2014). “ACPI, firmware and your security”. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015.
  81. ^ “MalCon 2010 Technical Briefings”. Malcon.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-04.
  82. ^ “Hacker plants back door in Symbian firmware”. H-online.com. 2010-12-08. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
  83. ^ “Why the Security of USB Is Fundamentally Broken”. Wired.com. 2014-07-31. Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
  84. ^ “BadUSB – On Accessories that Turn Evil”. BlackHat.com. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  85. ^ Karsten Nohl; Sascha Krißler; Jakob Lell (2014-08-07). “BadUSB – On accessories that turn evil” (PDF). srlabs.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-19. Retrieved 2014-08-23.
  86. ^ “BadUSB Malware Released — Infect millions of USB Drives”. The Hacking Post. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  87. ^ Greenberg, Andy. “The Unpatchable Malware That Infects USBs Is Now on the Loose”. WIRED. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  88.  “Merriam-Webster”. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  89. ^ Feathers, Michael C. (2005). Working effectively with legacy code. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference. p. 15. ISBN 0-13-293174-5. OCLC 660166658.
  90. ^ Tawde, Swati. “Legacy System”. educba.
  91. ^ (for example, see Bisbal et al., 1999).
  92. ^ This article is based on material taken from Legacy+system at the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the “relicensing” terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.
  93. ^ Lamb, John (June 2008). “Legacy systems continue to have a place in the enterprise”. Computer Weekly. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  94. ^ Stephanie Overby (2005-05-01). “Comair’s Christmas Disaster: Bound To Fail – CIO.com – Business Technology Leadership”. CIO.com. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
  95. ^ Razermouse (2011-05-03). “The Danger of Legacy Systems”. Mousesecurity.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
  96. ^ “Benefits of Mainframe Modernization”. Modernization Hub. Retrieved 2017-08-23.
  97. ^ McCormick, John (2000-06-02). “Mainframe-web middleware”. Gcn.com. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
  98. ^ Menychtas, Andreas; Konstanteli, Kleopatra; Alonso, Juncal; Orue-Echevarria, Leire; Gorronogoitia, Jesus; Kousiouris, George; Santzaridou, Christina; Bruneliere, Hugo; Pellens, Bram; Stuer, Peter; Strauss, Oliver; Senkova, Tatiana; Varvarigou, Theodora (2014), “Software modernization and cloudification using the ARTIST migration methodology and framework”, Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience, 15 (2), doi:10.12694/scpe.v15i2.980
  99. ^ A.M. Hein (2014), How to Assess Heritage Systems in the Early Phases?, 6th International Systems & Concurrent Engineering for Space Applications Conference 2014, ESA
  100. ^ A.M. Hein (2016), Heritage Technologies in Space Programs – Assessment Methodology and Statistical Analysis, PhD thesis Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich
  101. ^ A.M. Hein (2014), How to Assess Heritage Systems in the Early Phases?, 6th International Systems & Concurrent Engineering for Space Applications Conference 2014, ESA, p. 3
  102. ^ Lopian, Eli (May 15, 2018). “Defining Legacy Code”. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  103. ^ Michael Feathers’ Working Effectively with Legacy Code (ISBN 0-13-117705-2)
  104. ^ Ginny Hendry (11 Jul 2014). “Take Pride in Your Legacy (Code)”. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  105. ^ “Definition of greenfield and brownfield deployment”. Searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
  106. ^ “Cost Considerations For A Mainframe to Cloud Migration Project”. Kumaran Systems.
  107. ^ Comella-Dorda, Santiago (2000-04-01). “A Survey of Legacy System Modernization Approaches” (PDF). SEI Digital Library.
  108. Proffitt, Brian (September 19, 2013). “What APIs Are And Why They’re Important”. Readwrite. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  109. ^ “What is open API? – Definition from WhatIs.com”. SearchCloudApplications. Retrieved 2015-10-26.
  110. ^ Dodds, Leigh (25 March 2014). “What is an Open API?”. Lost Boy. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
  111. ^ “6 Business Benefits of Private APIs | Nordic APIs |”. Nordic APIs. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
  112. ^ “NTAPI Undocumented Functions”. undocumented.ntinternals.net.
  113. ^ “A Tutorial for Reverse Engineering Your Software’s Private API: Hacking Your Couch | Toptal®”. Toptal Engineering Blog.
  114. ^ Mo, Darren (2019-05-07). “A helper tool that enables Optimus Player to stream audio using AirPlay 2”. GitHub. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  115. ^ Pierce, Sean. “Malicious Application Compatibility Shims” (PDF).
  116. ^ “Beat the risks of managing public, private APIs”. SearchSOA. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
  117. ^ Deng, Zhui; Saltaformaggio, Brendan; Zhang, Xiangyu; Xu, Dongyan (2015-01-01). “IRiS”. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. CCS ’15. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 44–56. doi:10.1145/2810103.2813675. ISBN 978-1-4503-3832-5. S2CID 5613038.
  118. ^ “What Are APIs, And How Are Open APIs Changing The Internet”. MakeUseOf. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
  119. ^ “Facebook Developer Docs”. Facebook for Developers. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  120. ^ tonyxu-io. “LinkedIn API documentation – LinkedIn”. docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  121. ^ “About Twitter’s APIs”. help.twitter.com. Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  122.  “Boffins decipher manual for 2,000-year-old Ancient Greek computer”. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
  123. ^ Jump up to:a b c Chafin, Roy (January 1982). “User manuals: What does the user really need?”. Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Systems documentation – SIGDOC ’82. pp. 36–39. doi:10.1145/800065.801307. ISBN 089791080X. S2CID 6435788.
  124. ^ Jump up to:a b McKee, John (August 1986). “Computer User Manuals in Print: Do They Have a Future?”. ACM SIGDOC Asterisk Journal of Computer Documentation. 12 (2): 11–16. doi:10.1145/15505.15507. S2CID 35615987.
  125. ^ “Google Earth User Guide”. 4 June 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  126. ^ “Getting Started with Picasa: Getting Started Guide”. 15 June 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  127. ^ “Autodesk Topobase 2010 Help”. Autodesk. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  128. “Network and Computer Systems Administrators: Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics”. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  129. ^ [1] Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  130. ^ B.S. Information Technology | Computer Science. Cs.unh.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
  131. ^ [2]. Nssa.rit.edu (4 January 2013). Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
  132. ^ [3]. mtu.edu. Retrieved on 2014-10-21,
  133. ^ FSU Computer Science – Masters Degree Computer Network and System Administration. Cs.fsu.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
  134. ^ “Explore Full Catalog”.
  135.  “Technical Support”. Cambridge Dictionary. 16 November 2021.
  136. ^ “Technical support for the neighbours”. BBC News. 2005-03-28. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  137. ^ “How to Use Online Forums”. Inc.
  138. ^ Dell moves outsourced jobs back to U.S. shores
  139. ^ Berkley, Susan; Maggie Klenke. “Call Centre Trends”. The Great Voice Company. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
  140. ^ Perkins, Bart (2004-11-08). “Outsourcing: First Ask Why?”. Computerworld Management. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
  141. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Walker, Gary (2001). IT Problem Management (Harris Kern’s Enterprise Computing Institute Series). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. pp. 85–113. ISBN 0-13-030770-X. Google Book Search.
  142. ^ Germain, Jack (2007-07-30). “Remote PC Repair, Part 1: The Warranty Alternative”. TechNewsWorld. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
  143. ^ Windley, Phillip J. (2002). “Delivering High Availability Services Using a Multi-Tiered Support Model” (PDF). Windley’s Technometria. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  144. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Kajko-Mattsson, Mira (July–October 2004). “Problems within front-end support”. Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice. 16 (4/5): 309–329. doi:10.1002/smr.298. S2CID 385778.
  145. ^ Leung, Nelson K. Y.; Lau, Sim Kim (Summer 2007). “Information Technology Help Desk Survey: To Identify the Classification of Simple and Routine Enquiries”. Journal of Computer Information Systems. 47 (4): 70–81.
  146. ^ Joe Hertvik (July 7, 2016). “IT Support Levels Clearly Explained: L1, L2, L3, and More”.
  147. ^ Arthur, Charles (18 July 2012). “Virus phone scam being run from call centres in India”. Guardian. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  148.  Takahashi, Dean (2018-10-04). “Enthusiast Gaming goes public in Canada to build game fan network”. Venture Beat. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  149. ^ Gaming, Enthusiast (January 21, 2020). “Enthusiast Gaming to Commence Trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange”. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  150. ^ Gaming, Enthusiast (April 20, 2021). “Enthusiast Gaming to Commence Trading on Nasdaq”. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  151. ^ “NOTIFICATION OF REMOVAL FROM LISTING AND/OR REGISTRATION UNDER SECTION 12(b) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934”. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
  152. ^ Blake, Vikki (23 January 2019). “Enthusiast Gaming seeks to acquire B2B game network Steel Media”. MCV/DEVELOP.
  153. ^ Gaming, Enthusiast (January 7, 2019). “Enthusiast Gaming to Acquire “The Sims Resource”, The World’s Largest Female Video Gaming Website”. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  154. ^ Settimi, Christina (August 6, 2020). “Enthusiast Gaming Acquires Media Company Tied To Shroud, Pokimane, MrBeast; Wants To Build A Gaming Social Network”. Forbes. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  155. ^ Seck, Tobias (May 11, 2021). “Enthusiast Gaming Completes Acquisition of Icy Veins – ARCHIVE – The Esports Observer”. The Esports Observer. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  156. ^ “Enthusiast Gaming Closes Acquisition of Tabwire”. GlobeNewswire (Press release). June 24, 2021. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  157. ^ Gaming, Enthusiast (September 2, 2021). “Enthusiast Gaming Announces Acquisition of GameKnot”. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  158. ^ Orr, Aaron (September 7, 2021). “Enthusiast Gaming acquires Addicting Games for $34 million”. Pocket Gamer. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  159. ^ Stubbs, Mike (November 23, 2021). “Enthusiast Gaming Acquires U.GG For $45 Million To Enter ‘League Of Legends’ Space”. Forbes. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  160. ^ Bradley, Dave (September 15, 2021). “Steel Media launches BeyondGames.biz”. Pocket Gamer. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  161. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (September 30, 2022). “Gamurs Group buying Enthusiast Gaming sites”. Gamesindustry.biz. Gamer Network. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  162. ^ “Enthusiast Gaming acquires Destructoid”. MCV/DEVELOP. June 22, 2017.
  163. ^ Staff, Siliconera (2020-02-11). “Siliconera and Japanator Are Teaming Up”. Siliconera. Retrieved 2024-04-17.
  164. ^ Spangler, Todd (July 26, 2018). “Defy Media Sells The Escapist Gaming Site to Canada’s Enthusiast Gaming”. Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  165. ^ Gaming, Enthusiast (June 25, 2020). “Enthusiast Gaming’s Esports Team, The Vancouver Titans, Announce New Partnership Elements with Circle K”. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  166. ^ Hayward, Andrew (October 31, 2019). “Seattle Surge Team Branding Revealed for Call of Duty League – ARCHIVE – The Esports Observer”. The Esports Observer. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  167. ^ “Enthusiast Gaming Announces Steelcase as the Official Performance Seating Partner of Luminosity Gaming”. GlobeNewswire (Press release). July 18, 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  168. ^ Makedonski, Brett (January 20, 2020). “EGLX is ready to rock Canada again in October”. Destructoid. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  169. ^ Whan, Christopher (October 26, 2018). “Largest gaming expo in Canada hits Toronto this weekend | Globalnews.ca”. Global News. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  170. ^ Gaming, Enthusiast (October 22, 2018). “Enthusiast Gaming Live Expo “EGLX”, Canada’s Largest Video Gaming Expo, Takes Place This Weekend”. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  171.  “What is regulatory affairs?”.
  172. ^ Jump up to:a b “About the Regulatory Profession”.
  173. ^ United States Food and Drug Administration
  174. ^ FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health
  175. ^ MeddiQuest Consultants Information Site
  176. ^ Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK)
  177. ^ Europa Medical Devices Archived 2008-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
  178. ^ New Approach Organization
  179. ^ Global Harmonization Task Force
  180. Schumpeter, Joseph A., 1883–1950 (1983). The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Opie, Redvers,, Elliott, John E. New Brunswick, New Jersey. ISBN 0-87855-698-2. OCLC 8493721.
  181. ^ “ISO 56000:2020(en)Innovation management — Fundamentals and vocabulary”. ISO. 2020.
  182. ^ Lijster, Thijs, ed. (2018). The Future of the New: Artistic Innovation in Times of Social Acceleration. Arts in society. Valiz. ISBN 978-94-92095-58-9. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  183. ^ Bhasin, Kim (2 April 2012). “This Is The Difference Between ‘Invention’ And ‘Innovation'”. Business Insider.
  184. ^ “What’s the Difference Between Invention and Innovation?”, Forbes, 10 September 2015
  185. ^ Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1939). Business Cycles. Vol. 1. p. 84. Innovation is possible without anything we should identify as invention, and invention does not necessarily induce innovation.
  186. ^ Jump up to:a b c Edison, H., Ali, N.B., & Torkar, R. (2014). Towards innovation measurement in the software industry. Journal of Systems and Software 86(5), 1390–407.
  187. ^ Baregheh, Anahita; Rowley, Jennifer; Sambrook, Sally (4 September 2009). “Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation”. Management Decision. 47 (8): 1323–1339. doi:10.1108/00251740910984578. ISSN 0025-1747.
  188. ^ Rogers, Everett M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-2209-1. OCLC 52030797.
  189. ^ Innovation in American Government: Challenges, Opportunities, and Dilemmas. Brookings Inst Pr. 1 June 1997. ISBN 978-0-8157-0358-7.
  190. ^ Hughes, D. J.; Lee, A.; Tian, A. W.; Newman, A.; Legood, A. (2018). “Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations” (PDF). The Leadership Quarterly. 29 (5): 549–569. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.03.001. hdl:10871/32289. S2CID 149671044. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2019.
  191. ^ Jump up to:a b Drucker, Peter F. (August 2002). “The Discipline of Innovation”. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  192. ^ Amabile, Teresa M.; Pratt, Michael G. (2016). “The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning”. Research in Organizational Behavior. 36: 157–183. doi:10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001. S2CID 44444992.
  193. ^ Leonard Dudley (2012). Mothers of Innovation: How Expanding Social Networks Gave Birth to the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 9781443843126.
  194. ^ Jasanoff, Sheila; Kim, Sang-Hyun (2015). Dreamscapes of Modernity. University of Chicago Press. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226276663.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-226-27652-6.
  195. ^ Papaioannou, Theo (3 May 2020). “Innovation, value-neutrality and the question of politics: unmasking the rhetorical and ideological abuse of evolutionary theory”. Journal of Responsible Innovation. 7 (2): 238–255. doi:10.1080/23299460.2019.1605484. ISSN 2329-9460. S2CID 159275720.
  196. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Robra, Ben; Pazaitis, Alex; Giotitsas, Chris; Pansera, Mario (1 July 2023). “From creative destruction to convivial innovation – A post-growth perspective”. Technovation. 125: 102760. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102760. hdl:11093/4788. ISSN 0166-4972.
  197. ^ Jump up to:a b Walsh, Shannon (21 May 2021). “Marx, subsumption and the critique of innovation”. Organization. 30 (2): 345–360. doi:10.1177/13505084211015377. ISSN 1350-5084. S2CID 236375680.
  198. ^ Lange, Steffen; Pohl, Johanna; Santarius, Tilman (1 October 2020). “Digitalization and energy consumption. Does ICT reduce energy demand?”. Ecological Economics. 176: 106760. Bibcode:2020EcoEc.17606760L. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106760. ISSN 0921-8009. S2CID 224947774.
  199. ^ Blank, Steve (1 February 2019). “McKinsey’s Three Horizons Model Defined Innovation for Years. Here’s Why It No Longer Applies”. Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  200. ^ Satell, Greg (21 June 2017). “The 4 Types of Innovation and the Problems They Solve”. Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  201. ^ Edwards-Schachter, Mónica (2018). “The nature and variety of innovation”. International Journal of Innovation Studies. 2 (2): 65–79. doi:10.1016/j.ijis.2018.08.004.
  202. ^ Bower, Joseph L.; Christensen, Clayton M. (1 January 1995). “Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave”. Harvard Business Review. No. January–February 1995. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  203. ^ Christensen, Clayton M.; Raynor, Michael E.; McDonald, Rory (1 December 2015). “What Is Disruptive Innovation?”. Harvard Business Review. No. December 2015. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  204. ^ “Disruptive Innovations”. Christensen Institute. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  205. ^ Christensen, Clayton & Overdorf, Michael (2000). “Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change”. Harvard Business Review.
  206. ^ Jump up to:a b Iansiti, Marco; Lakhani, Karim R. (January 2017). “The Truth About Blockchain”. Harvard Business Review. Harvard University. Retrieved 17 January 2017. a foundational technology: It has the potential to create new foundations for our economic and social systems.
  207. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Henderson, Rebecca M.; Clark, Kim B. (March 1990). “Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms”. Administrative Science Quarterly. 35 (1): 9. doi:10.2307/2393549. ISSN 0001-8392. JSTOR 2393549. S2CID 6255046.
  208. ^ Williams, Michael A.; Cox, Collett; Jaffee, Martin S., eds. (1992). Innovation in Religious Traditions: Essays in the Interpretation of Religious Change. Religion and society (volume 31). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110127805. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  209. ^ Schiederig, Tim; Tietze, Frank; Herstatt, Cornelius (22 February 2012). “Green innovation in technology and innovation management – an exploratory literature review”. R&D Management. 42 (2): 180–192. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00672.x. ISSN 0033-6807. S2CID 153958119.
  210. ^ Blok, Vincent; Lemmens, Pieter (2015), “The Emerging Concept of Responsible Innovation. Three Reasons Why It is Questionable and Calls for a Radical Transformation of the Concept of Innovation”, Responsible Innovation 2, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 19–35, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17308-5_2, hdl:2066/150613, ISBN 978-3-319-17307-8
  211. ^ Jump up to:a b Amabile, Teresa (December 2017). “In Pursuit of Everyday Creativity” (PDF). Journal of Creative Behavior: 2–3 – via Harvard Business School.
  212. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Godin, Benoit (2015). Innovation contested: the idea of innovation over the centuries. Routledge. ISBN 9781315855608. OCLC 903958473.
  213. ^ Politics II as cited by Benoît Godin (2015)
  214. ^ Mazzaferro, Alexander (2018). “Such a Murmur”: Innovation, Rebellion, and Sovereignty in William Strachey’s “True Reportory”. Early American Literature. 53 (1): 3–32. doi:10.1353/eal.2018.0001. S2CID 166005186.
  215. ^ Mazzaferro, Alexander McLean (2017). “No newe enterprize” (Doctoral dissertation) (Thesis). Rutgers University. doi:10.7282/T38W3HFQ. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  216. ^ Lepore, Jill (23 June 2014). “The Disruption Machine: What the gospel of innovation gets wrong”. The New Yorker. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  217. ^ Green, Emma (20 June 2013). “Innovation: The History of a Buzzword”. The Atlantic. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  218. ^ “innovation”. Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  219. ^ Benoit Godin (2019). The invention of technological innovation: languages, discourses and ideology in historical perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781789903348. OCLC 1125747489.
  220. ^ Schumpeter, J. A. (1943). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (6 ed.). Routledge. pp. 81–84. ISBN 9780415107624.
  221. ^ Heyne, P., Boettke, P. J., and Prychitko, D. L. (2010). The Economic Way of Thinking. Prentice Hall, 12th ed. pp. 163, 317–18.
  222. ^ Swedberg, Richard (30 January 2009), “Rebuilding Schumpeter’s Theory of Entrepreneurship”, Marshall and Schumpeter on Evolution, Edward Elgar Publishing, doi:10.4337/9781848446168.00018, ISBN 978-1-84844-616-8, retrieved 25 December 2023
  223. ^ Utterback, James (1971). “The Process of Technological Innovation Within the Firm”. Academy of Management Journal. 14 (1): 78. JSTOR 254712.
  224. ^ “Silicon Valley History & Future”. Netvalley.com. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  225. ^ Tohidi, Hamid; Jabbari, Mohammad Mehdi (2012). “The important of Innovation and its Crucial Role in Growth, Survival and Success of Organizations”. Procedia Technology. 1: 535–538. doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2012.02.116.
  226. ^ Salge, T. O.; Vera, A. (2009). “Hospital innovativeness and organizational performance: Evidence from English public acute care”. Health Care Management Review. 34 (1): 54–67. doi:10.1097/01.HMR.0000342978.84307.80. PMID 19104264.
  227. ^ West, Michael A. (2002). “Sparkling Fountains or Stagnant Ponds: An Integrative Model of Creativity and Innovation Implementation in Work Groups”. Applied Psychology. 51 (3): 355–387. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00951.
  228. ^ MIT Sloan Management Review Spring 2002. “How to identify and build New Businesses”
  229. ^ Anthony, Scott D.; Johnson, Mark W.; Sinfield, Joseph V.; Altman, Elizabeth J. (2008). Innovator’s Guide to Growth. “Putting Disruptive Innovation to Work”. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 978-1-59139-846-2.
  230. ^ Perez, T. and Rushing R. (2007). “The CitiStat Model: How Data-Driven Government Can Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness”. Center for American Progress Report. pp. 1–18.
  231. ^ Transportation Research Board (2007). “Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 70: Mobile Data Terminals”. pp. 1–5. TCRP (PDF).
  232. ^ Von Hippel, Eric (1988). The Sources of Innovation (PDF). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  233. ^ Engelberger, J. F. (1982). “Robotics in practice: Future capabilities”. Electronic Servicing & Technology magazine.
  234. ^ Kline (1985). Research, Invention, Innovation and Production: Models and Reality, Report INN-1, March 1985, Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University.
  235. ^ Hashim, Ahmed S. (2018). The Caliphate at War: The Ideological, Organisational and Military Innovations of Islamic State. Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 9781849046435.
  236. ^ Scott Ligon, Gina; Derrick, Douglas C.; Harms, Mackenzie (15 November 2017). “Destruction Through Collaboration: How Terrorists Work Together Toward Malevolent Innovation”. In Reiter-Palmon, Roni (ed.). Team Creativity and Innovation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190695323.
  237. ^ Jump up to:a b Mark, M., Katz, B., Rahman, S., and Warren, D. (2008) MetroPolicy: Shaping A New Federal Partnership for a Metropolitan Nation. Brookings Institution: Metropolitan Policy Program Report. pp. 4–103.
  238. ^ Dubickis, M., Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2015). “Perspectives on Innovation and Technology Transfer”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 213: 965–970. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.512.
  239. ^ “New Trends in Innovation Management”. Forbesindia.com. Forbes India Magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  240. ^ “ShipIt Days”. Atlassian. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  241. ^ “U-STIR”. U-stir.eu. Archived from the original on 18 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  242. ^ Tuomi, I. (2002). Networks of Innovation. Oxford University Press. Networks of Innovation Archived 5 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  243. ^ Siltala, R. (2010). Innovativity and cooperative learning in business life and teaching. PhD thesis. University of Turku.
  244. ^ Forget The 10,000-Hour Rule; Edison, Bezos, & Zuckerberg Follow The 10,000-Experiment Rule. Medium.com (26 October 2017). Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  245. ^ Jump up to:a b Why These Tech Companies Keep Running Thousands Of Failed Experiments. Fast Company.com (21 September 2016). Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  246. ^ Simulation Advantage. Bcgperspectives.com (4 August 2010). Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  247. ^ MacKenzie, Donald (1984). “Marx and the Machine”. Technology and Culture. 25 (3): 473–502. doi:10.2307/3104202. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3104202. S2CID 113106929.
  248. ^ Jump up to:a b Davila, T., Epstein, M. J., and Shelton, R. (2006). “Making Innovation Work: How to Manage It, Measure It, and Profit from It.” Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing.
  249. ^ Jump up to:a b Vaona, Andrea; Pianta, Mario (March 2008). “Firm Size and Innovation in European Manufacturing”. Small Business Economics. 30 (3): 283–299. doi:10.1007/s11187-006-9043-9. hdl:10419/3843. ISSN 0921-898X. S2CID 153525567.
  250. ^ Khan, Arshad M.; Manopichetwattana, V. (1989). “Innovative and Noninnovative Small Firms: Types and Characteristics”. Management Science. 35 (5): 597–606. doi:10.1287/mnsc.35.5.597.
  251. ^ O’Sullivan, David (2002). “Framework for Managing Development in the Networked Organisations”. Journal of Computers in Industry. 47 (1): 77–88. doi:10.1016/S0166-3615(01)00135-X.
  252. ^ Giampietro, Mario; Funtowicz, Silvio O. (1 July 2020). “From elite folk science to the policy legend of the circular economy”. Environmental Science & Policy. 109: 64–72. Bibcode:2020ESPol.109…64G. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2020.04.012. hdl:11250/2730163. ISSN 1462-9011.
  253. ^ Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; Wiedmann, Thomas O. (6 June 2014). “Humanity’s unsustainable environmental footprint”. Science. 344 (6188): 1114–1117. Bibcode:2014Sci…344.1114H. doi:10.1126/science.1248365. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24904155. S2CID 206553617.
  254. ^ Rockström, Johan; Steffen, Will; Noone, Kevin; Persson, Åsa; Chapin, F. Stuart; Lambin, Eric F.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Scheffer, Marten; Folke, Carl; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Nykvist, Björn; de Wit, Cynthia A.; Hughes, Terry; van der Leeuw, Sander; Rodhe, Henning (September 2009). “A safe operating space for humanity”. Nature. 461 (7263): 472–475. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..472R. doi:10.1038/461472a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 19779433.
  255. ^ Tarde, G. (1903). The laws of imitation (E. Clews Parsons, Trans.). New York: H. Holt & Co.
  256. ^ Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovation. New York, NY: Free Press.
  257. ^ The Oxford handbook of innovation. Fagerberg, Jan., Mowery, David C., Nelson, Richard R. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-926455-1. OCLC 56655392.
  258. ^ Jump up to:a b Edison, H.; Ali, N.B.; Torkar, R. (2013). “Towards innovation measurement in the software industry”. Journal of Systems and Software. 86 (5): 1390–1407. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2013.01.013 – via ResearchGate.
  259. ^ Davila, Tony; Marc J. Epstein and Robert Shelton (2006). Making Innovation Work: How to Manage It, Measure It, and Profit from It. Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing
  260. ^ OECD The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities. Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data. Oslo Manual. 2nd edition, DSTI, OECD / European Commission Eurostat, Paris 31 December 1995.
  261. ^ “Industrial innovation – Enterprise and Industry”. European Commission. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  262. ^ “DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION – European Journal of Natural History (scientific magazine)”. world-science.ru. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  263. ^ Chalkidou, K.; Tunis, S.; Lopert, R.; Rochaix, L.; Sawicki, P. T.; Nasser, M.; Xerri, B. (2009). “Comparative effectiveness research and evidence-based health policy: Experience from four countries”. The Milbank Quarterly. 87 (2): 339–67. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00560.x. PMC 2881450. PMID 19523121.
  264. ^ Roughead, E.; Lopert, R.; Sansom, L. (2007). “Prices for innovative pharmaceutical products that provide health gain: a comparison between Australia and the United States”. Value in Health. 10 (6): 514–20. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00206.x. PMID 17970935.
  265. ^ Hughes, B. (2008). “Payers Growing Influence on R&D Decision Making”. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 7 (11): 876–78. doi:10.1038/nrd2749. PMID 18974741. S2CID 10217053.
  266. ^ Faunce, T.; Bai, J.; Nguyen, D. (2010). “Impact of the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement on Australian medicines regulation and prices”. Journal of Generic Medicines. 7 (1): 18–29. doi:10.1057/jgm.2009.40. S2CID 154433476. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021.
  267. ^ Faunce TA (2006). “Global intellectual property protection of ‘innovative’ pharmaceuticals: Challenges for bioethics and health law in B Bennett and G Tomossy” (PDF). Law.anu.edu.au. Globalization and Health Springer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
  268. ^ Faunce, T. A. (2007). “Reference pricing for pharmaceuticals: is the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement affecting Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme?”. Medical Journal of Australia. 187 (4): 240–42. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01209.x. PMID 17564579. S2CID 578533.
  269. ^ Hernán Jaramillo; Gustavo Lugones; Mónica Salazar (March 2001). “Bogota Manual. Standardisation of Indicators of Technological Innovation in Latin American and Caribbean Countries”. Iberoamerican Network of Science and Technology Indicators (RICYT) Organisation of American States (OAS) / CYTED PROGRAM COLCIENCIAS/OCYT. p. 87.
  270. ^ “Social Innovation Index 2016”. Economist Impact | Perspectives. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  271. ^ “The INSEAD Global Innovation Index (GII)”. INSEAD. 28 October 2013.
  272. ^ “Home page”. Innovation Capacity Index.
  273. ^ “Tools”. Statsamerica.org. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  274. ^ Innovations Indikator retrieved 7 March 2017
  275. ^ “The INSEAD Innovation Efficiency Inndex”. Technology Review. February 2016.
  276. ^ Adsule, Anil (2015). “INNOVATION LEADING THE WAY TO REVOLUTION” (PDF). International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review. 2, Issue.11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2020 – via Google scholar.
  277. ^ Kerle, Ralph (2013). “Model for Managing Intangibility of Organizational Creativity: Management Innovation Index”. Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. pp. 1300–1307. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_35. ISBN 978-1-4614-3857-1.
  278. ^ “Innovation Index”. NYCEDC.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  279. ^ “Home page”. statetechandscience.org.
  280. ^ “The World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2014” (PDF). IMD.org. 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2014.
  281. ^ “Germany Breaks Korea’s Six-Year Streak as Most Innovative Nation”. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  282. ^ “Infografik: Schweiz bleibt globaler Innovationsführer”. Statista Infografiken. Statista (In German). Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  283. ^ Jamrisko, Michelle; Lu, Wei; Tanzi, Alexandre (3 February 2021). “South Korea Leads World in Innovation as U.S. Exits Top Ten”. Bloomberg.
  284. ^ “GII 2020 Report”. Global Innovation Index. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  285. ^ innovations indikator 2020 (PDF) (in German). Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, Fraunhofer ISI, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2021.
  286. ^ Jump up to:a b Huebner, J. (2005). “A possible declining trend for worldwide innovation”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 72 (8): 980–986. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2005.01.003.
  287. ^ Hayden, Thomas (7 July 2005). “Science: Wanna be an inventor? Don’t bother”. U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  288. ^ Adler, Robert (2 July 2005). “Entering a dark age of innovation”. New Scientist. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  289. ^ Smart, J. (2005). “Discussion of Huebner article”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 72 (8): 988–995. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2005.07.001.
  290. ^ Huebner, Jonathan (2005). “Response by the Authors”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 72 (8): 995–1000. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2005.05.008.
  291. ^ Strumsky, D.; Lobo, J.; Tainter, J. A. (2010). “Complexity and the productivity of innovation”. Systems Research and Behavioral Science. 27 (5): 496. doi:10.1002/sres.1057.
  292. ^ Gordon, Robert J. (2012). “Is U.S. Economic Growth Over? Faltering Innovation Confronts the Six Headwinds”. NBER Working Paper No. 18315. doi:10.3386/w18315.
  293. ^ “Jonathan Wong, Head of DFID’s Innovation Hub | DFID bloggers”. Government of the United Kingdom. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  294. ^ “Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Grand Challenge Partners Commit to Innovation with New Investments in Breakthrough Science – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation”. Gatesfoundation.org. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  295. ^ “Global Development Lab | U.S. Agency for International Development”. Usaid.gov. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  296. ^ “International Development Innovation Network (IDIN) | D-Lab”. D-lab.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  297. ^ “Global Innovation Fund International development funding”. Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  298. ^ “Human Development Innovation Fund (HDIF)”. Hdif-tz.org. 14 August 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  299. ^ “USAID and DFID Announce Global Development Innovation Ventures to Invest in Breakthrough Solutions to World Poverty | U.S. Agency for International Development”. Usaid.gov. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  300. ^ “StackPath”. industryweek.com. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  301. ^ “Bay Area Radio Museum: The Charles Herrold Story”. 12 August 2014.
  302. ^ “U.S. Economic Development Administration: Fiscal Year 2010 Annual Report” (PDF). Eda.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  303. ^ “The American Way of Innovation and Its Deficiencies”. American Affairs Journal. 20 May 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  304. ^ “Science and Technology”. MEXT. Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  305. ^ “BMBF ” Ministry”. Bmbf.de. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  306. ^ “Home”. Landgate.wa.gov.au. Landgate Innovation Program. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  307. ^ Morisson, A. & Doussineau, M. (2019). Regional innovation governance and place-based policies: design, implementation and implications. Regional Studies, Regional Science,6(1),101–116. https://rsa.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21681376.2019.1578257.
  308. ^ Rubin, Tzameret H.; Aas, Tor Helge; Stead, Andrew (1 July 2015). “Knowledge flow in Technological Business Incubators: Evidence from Australia and Israel”. Technovation. 41–42: 11–24. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2015.03.002.
  309. ^ Morisson, Arnault (2018). “Knowledge Gatekeepers and Path Development on the Knowledge Periphery: The Case of Ruta N in Medellin, Colombia”. Area Development and Policy. 4: 98–115. doi:10.1080/23792949.2018.1538702. S2CID 169689111.
  310.  Compliance, Technology, and Modern Finance, 11 Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law 159 (2016)
  311. ^ Silveira, P.; Rodriguez, C.; Birukou, A.; Casati, F.; Daniel, F.; D’Andrea, V.; Worledge, C.; Zouhair, T. (2012), “Aiding Compliance Governance in Service-Based Business Processes”, Handbook of Research on Service-Oriented Systems and Non-Functional Properties (PDF), IGI Global, pp. 524–548, doi:10.4018/978-1-61350-432-1.ch022, hdl:11311/1029233, ISBN 9781613504321
  312. ^ Norris-Montanari, J. (27 February 2017). “Compliance – Where does it fit in a data strategy?”. SAS Blogs. SAS Institute, Inc. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  313. ^ Monica, A.D.; Shilt, C.; Rimmerman, R.; et al. (2015). “Chapter 4: Monitoring software updates”. Microsoft System Center Software Update Management Field Experience. Microsoft Press. pp. 57–82. ISBN 9780735695894.
  314. ^ Calder, A.; Watkins, S. (2015). IT Governance: An International Guide to Data Security and ISO 27001/ISO 27002. Kogan Page Publishers. pp. 39–40. ISBN 9780749474065.
  315. ^ Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection According to ASME
  316. ^ Malyshev, N. (2008). “The Evolution of Regulatory Policy in OECD Countries” (PDF). OECD. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  317. ^ Jump up to:a b Pearson, G. (2009). “Chapter 2: The regulatory structure”. Financial Services Law and Compliance in Australia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 20–68. ISBN 9780521617840.
  318. ^ “Regulatory Responsibility”. ACMA. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  319. ^ “What we do”. Clean Energy Regulator. 14 December 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  320. ^ Weinberg, S. (2011). “Chapter 13: International Regulation”. Cost-Contained Regulatory Compliance: For the Pharmaceutical, Biologics, and Medical Device Industries. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 227–258. ISBN 9781118002278.
  321. ^ CompliSpace (14 April 2016). “Compliance Standards ISO 19600 and AS 3806 – Differences explained”. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  322. ^ “AS ISO 19600:2015”. Standards Catalogue. Standards Australia. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  323. ^ Jump up to:a b International Monetary Fund; Financial Action Task Force (December 2008). Canada: Report on Observance of Standards and Codes – FATF Recommendations for Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism.
  324. ^ Jump up to:a b International Monetary Fund (August 2016). Canada: Detailed Assessment Report on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism. International Monetary Fund. ISBN 9781475536188.
  325. ^ Lee, R. (2003). “Chapter 6: Promoting Regional Capital Market Integration”. In Dowers, K.; Msci, P. (eds.). Focus on Capital: New Approaches to Developing Latin American Capital Markets. Inter-American Development Bank. p. 168. ISBN 9781931003490.
  326. ^ Smyth, S.J.; McHughen, A. (2012). “Chapter 2: Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops in USA and Canada: Canadian Overview”. In Wozniak, C.A.; McHughen, A. (eds.). Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 15–34. ISBN 9789400721562.
  327. ^ International Organization for Standardization (December 2014). “ISO 19600:2014”. Standards Catalogue. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  328. ^ Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (14 November 2014). “Revised Guideline E-13 – Regulatory Compliance Management (RCM)”. Government of Canada. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  329. ^ The Handbook of Compliance & Integrity Management. Theory & Practice, Prof. S.C. Bleker-van Eyk & R.A.M. Houben (Eds.), 2017 Kluwer Law International.
  330. ^ “Regulatory Management and Reform in India” (PDF). OECD.
  331. ^ “India Inc has poor record in regulatory compliance | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis”. 2014-10-12. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
  332. ^ “Who We Are”. www.mas.gov.sg. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  333. ^ “Do you need to be FCA authorsied? | FCA application process”. Harper James. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  334. ^ “Check if you need an environmental permit”. GOV.UK. 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  335. ^ “Waste management licence (Scotland) – GOV.UK”. www.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  336. ^ “Information Commissioner’s Office”. GOV.UK. 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  337. ^ “Care Quality Commission”. GOV.UK. 2024-06-25. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  338. ^ “Data Protection Act 2018”. August 19, 2024.
  339. ^ “Freedom of Information Act 2000”. August 19, 2024.
  340. ^ “UK Corporate Governance Code”. Financial Reporting Council. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  341. ^ “LR 1.5 Standard and Premium Listing”. FCA Handbook. Financial Conduct Authority. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  342. ^ “LR 9.8 Annual financial report”. FCA Handbook. Financial Conduct Authority. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  343. ^ “FCA Handbook”. Financial Conduct Authority. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  344. ^ “Compliance Challenge: Privacy vs. Security”. Dell.com. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  345. ^ Francis, L.P.; Francis, J.G. (2017). Privacy: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. p. PT102. ISBN 9780190612283.
  346. ^ Dale, N.; Lewis, J. (2015). Computer Science Illuminated. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 388. ISBN 9781284055924.
  347. ^ “Special Reports and Discussions on Chapter Eight”. USSC.gov. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010.
  348. ^ The Ethics and Compliance Initiative (ECI). “Principles and Practices of High Quality Ethics & Compliance Programs”. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  349. ^ “Explore Business Tools & Resources”. Business.USA.gov.
  350. ^ “OSHA Law & Regulations | Occupational Safety and Health Administration”. www.osha.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
  351. ^ “Compliance with Diversity Goals Remain Lacking”. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024.
  352. “Corporate Development Manager Careers: Salary & Job Description”. Diplomaguide.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
  353.  “FP2020 Progress – PMA 2020”. Archived from the original on 2015-08-21. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
  354. ^ “PMA2020 Q&A: Sparking a Data Revolution for Family Planning”. www.globalhealthnow.org. Archived from the original on 2015-10-19.
  355. ^ “PMA2020 receives gift to fund Schistosomiasis module”. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  356. Hsu, Sara (12 February 2016). “In China, Black Goods Down, White Goods Up”. The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  357. ^ Takagi, Yuichiro; Hanada, Yukinori; Iwato, Hisashi (8 January 2020). “White appliance prices jump in Japan over past 10 years”. Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  358. ^ “brown goods”. Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  359. ^ McDermott, Catherine (30 October 2007). Design: The Key Concepts. Routledge. p. 234. ISBN 9781134361809. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  360. ^ “Global Consumer Electronics Market to Reach US$ 2.9 Trillion by 2020”. PR Newswire. Persistence Market Research. 3 January 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  361. ^ “Annual Semiconductor Sales Increase 21.6 Percent, Top $400 Billion for First Time”. Semiconductor Industry Association. 5 February 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  362. ^ Manuel, Castells (1996). The information age : economy, society and culture. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0631215943. OCLC 43092627.
  363. ^ Hagiwara, Yoshiaki (2001). “Microelectronics for Home Entertainment”. In Oklobdzija, Vojin G. (ed.). The Computer Engineering Handbook. CRC Press. p. 41-1. ISBN 978-0-8493-0885-7. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  364. ^ Dhir, Amit (30 April 2004). The Digital Consumer Technology Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Devices, Standards, Future Directions, and Programmable Logic Solutions. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-053041-3.
  365. ^ Jump up to:a b Sodhi, M. S.; Lee, S. (2007). “An Analysis of Sources of Risk in the Consumer Electronics Industry”. The Journal of the Operational Research Society. 58 (11): 1430–1439. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602410. ISSN 0160-5682. JSTOR 4622837. PMC 7099209. PMID 32226176.
  366. ^ Paris, Ivan (2013). “White Goods in Italy during a Golden Age (1948-1973)”. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 44 (1): 83–110. doi:10.1162/JINH_a_00502. ISSN 0022-1953. JSTOR 43829418.
  367. ^ Baden-Fuller, Charles W. F.; Stopford, John M. (1991). “Globalization Frustrated: The Case of White Goods”. Strategic Management Journal. 12 (7): 494. doi:10.1002/smj.4250120703. ISSN 0143-2095. JSTOR 2486522.
  368. ^ Bowden, Sue; Offer, Avner (1994). “Household Appliances and the Use of Time: The United States and Britain Since the 1920s”. The Economic History Review. 47 (4): 725. doi:10.2307/2597714. JSTOR 2597714.
  369. ^ “Consumer Electronics Manufacturing Industry Overview”. Hoover’s. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  370. ^ “Compact disc hits 25th birthday”. BBC News. BBC. 17 August 2007. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  371. ^ “Stock Video of Angled view of Compact cassette tape in use playing back in a deck player”. Adobe Stock. Adobe Inc. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  372. ^ Pan, Joann (7 March 2012). “Warner Bros. Offers In-Store DVD-to-Cloud Service [VIDEO]”. Mashable. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  373. ^ “Over 5 billion mobiles worldwide”. BBC News. BBC. 9 July 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  374. ^ Jump up to:a b c “Cell phone sales worldwide 2007-2018”. Statista. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  375. ^ “7 of the Top 10 Smartphone Suppliers Headquartered in China”. IC Insights. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  376. ^ Schildgen, Bob (17 August 2018). “What Do I Do With Old VCR Tapes?”. Sierra Club. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  377. ^ Lyman, Peter; Varian, Hal R.; Dunn, James; Strygin, Aleksey; Swearingen, Kirsten (18 October 2000). “Magnetic”. How Much Information? 2000. University of California, Berkeley School of Information. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  378. ^ Mike Deng (23 October 2012). “China Moves to Automate Electronics Manufacturing”. Quality Digest. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  379. ^ Jump up to:a b Sodhi, M. S.; Lee, S. (2007). “An Analysis of Sources of Risk in the Consumer Electronics Industry”. The Journal of the Operational Research Society. 58 (11): 1430–1439. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602410. ISSN 0160-5682. JSTOR 4622837. PMC 7099209. PMID 32226176.
  380. ^ Sodhi, M. S.; Lee, S. (2007). “An Analysis of Sources of Risk in the Consumer Electronics Industry”. The Journal of the Operational Research Society. 58 (11): 1431. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602410. ISSN 0160-5682. JSTOR 4622837. PMC 7099209. PMID 32226176.
  381. ^ Baden-Fuller, Charles W. F.; Stopford, John M. (1991). “Globalization Frustrated: The Case of White Goods”. Strategic Management Journal. 12 (7): 495. doi:10.1002/smj.4250120703. ISSN 0143-2095. JSTOR 2486522.
  382. ^ “A Consumers’ Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America”. The SHAFR Guide Online: 116. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim270040180. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  383. ^ Baker, Phil (11 August 2014). “Why can’t the US build consumer electronic products?”. San Diego Source. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  384. ^ Gamble, Craig (22 August 2014). “Shenzhen in China becomes a power source for the electronics industry”. Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  385. ^ Hachman, Mark (4 September 2014). “Microsoft announces two Lumia phones, always-on Cortana, and clever new mobile accessories”. PC World. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  386. ^ “Electronics hardware consumption poised to touch *360 bln by 2015”. One India. 13 April 2008. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  387. ^ “Signal Converter of Consumer Electronics Connection Protocols (US 20120287942 A1)”. IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  388. ^ Hornyak, Tim (2 September 2014). “Jack Wayman, founder of CES trade show, dies at 92”. PC World. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  389. ^ IEEE Consumer Electronics Society, http://cesoc.ieee.org/ [1]
  390. ^ Simon Sherratt, Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, https://ctsoc.ieee.org/publications/ieee-transactions-on-consumer-electronics.html [2].
  391. ^ Saraju P. Mohanty, Editor-in-Chief (EiC), IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, http://cesoc.ieee.org/publications/ce-magazine.html Archived 12 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  392. ^ IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), http://www.icce.org/ Archived 23 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  393. ^ IEEE Computer Society, https://www.computer.org/
  394. ^ IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems, https://www.ieee-ises.org/
  395. ^ Jump up to:a b Murphy, H. Lee (27 January 2014). “Why consumer electronics retailers are the next record store”. Crain’s Chicago Business. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  396. ^ eMarketer (11 April 2014). “US Retail Ecommerce Sales Highest for Computers, Consumer Electronics”. The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  397. ^ Sherman, Erik (19 December 2011). “Hold off extended warranties until you read this”. CBS News (Moneywatch). Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  398. ^ Cellan-Jones, Rory (8 December 2012). “Look round Shenzhen’s Electronics District”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  399. ^ Todd, Deborah M. (18 August 2013). “Electronic repair industry gets second wind”. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  400. ^ Srivastava, Viranjay M.; Singh, Ghanshyam (2013). MOSFET Technologies for Double-Pole Four-Throw Radio-Frequency Switch. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. ISBN 9783319011653. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  401. ^ Guide to Greener Electronics 2017 Archived 13 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine Greenpeace USA, 2017
  402. ^ Jump up to:a b “The myth of the green cloud”. European Investment Bank. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  403. ^ “Infographic: The Carbon Footprint of the Internet – ClimateCare”. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  404. ^ “Heating and cooling no longer majority of US home energy use” Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine. EIA.gov
  405. ^ Jump up to:a b Chu, John (1 November 2012). “3 Easy Tips to Reduce Your Standby Power Loads”. Energy.gov. United States Department of Energy. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  406. ^ Lippert, John (17 August 2009). “Please Stand By: Reduce Your Standby Power Use”. Energy.gov. United States Department of Energy. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  407. ^ Harvey, Fiona (26 June 2012). “Leaving appliances on standby ‘can cost UK households up to £86 a year'”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  408. ^ Carr, Matthew (2 July 2014). “Electronic Devices Waste $80 Billion of Power a Year, IEA Says”. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  409. ^ Moreno, Julia (8 September 2014). “Normal is recycling out-of-date electronics”. Vidette Online. Illinois State University. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  410. ^ Bhowmick, Nilanjana (23 May 2011). “Is India’s E-Waste Problem Spiraling Out of Control?”. Time. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  411. ^ Cole, C., Cooper, T. and Gnanapragasam, A., 2016. Extending product lifetimes through WEEE reuse and repair: opportunities and challenges in the UK. In: Electronics Goes Green 2016+ Conference, Berlin, Germany, 7–9 September 2016
  412. ^ Jump up to:a b “Health Risks of Electronic Devices”. The Women’s International Perspective. 12 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  413.  “personal computer”. Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 2018-06-11.
  414. ^ Conlon, Tom (29 January 2010), The iPad’s Closed System: Sometimes I Hate Being Right, Popular Science, archived from the original on 2010-04-20, retrieved 2010-10-14, The iPad is not a personal computer in the sense that we currently understand.
  415. ^ “Overview of update channels for Office 365 ProPlus”. Microsoft. 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-04-22. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  416. ^ The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, second Ed. End-User Development. Interaction Design Foundation. 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  417. ^ “Personal Computers | Information Literacy”. courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  418. ^ “Mac* vs. PC Debate”. intel.com. Intel. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  419. ^ Finnie, Scot (8 June 2007). “Mac vs. PC cost analysis: How does it all add up?”. Computerworld. Computerworld, Inc. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  420. ^ Ackerman, Dan (22 August 2013). “Don’t buy a new PC or Mac before you read this”. CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  421. ^ Haslam, Karen (11 December 2013). “Mac or PC? Ten reasons why Macs are better than PCs”. Macworld. IDG. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  422. ^ Rather, Dan (2015-01-23). “1995 video shows the struggle was real for first-time PC users”. CBS News. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  423. ^ “Tutorial Guide to the EDSAC Simulator” (PDF). The EDSAC Replica Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
  424. ^ Gene Carter, Wow! What a Ride!: A Quick Trip Through Early Semiconductor and Personal Computer Development, Lulu Press – 2016, chapter 8
  425. ^ “1959: Practical Monolithic Integrated Circuit Concept Patented | The Silicon Engine | Computer History Museum”. www.computerhistory.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-24. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  426. ^ “1960: Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated | The Silicon Engine | Computer History Museum”. www.computerhistory.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-27. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  427. ^ “1964: First Commercial MOS IC Introduced | The Silicon Engine | Computer History Museum”. www.computerhistory.org. Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  428. ^ “1968: Silicon Gate Technology Developed for ICs | The Silicon Engine | Computer History Museum”. www.computerhistory.org. Archived from the original on 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  429. ^ “1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip | The Silicon Engine | Computer History Museum”. www.computerhistory.org. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  430. ^ Weidendorfer, Josef (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing, Intel Core Microarchitecture, x86 Processor Family. Boston, MA: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-09765-7.
  431. ^ “Forgotten PC history: The true origins of the personal computer”. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  432. ^ Jump up to:a b c “IBM Archives”. Archived from the original on 10 February 2003. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  433. ^ PC Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 6, November 1983, “SCAMP: The Missing Link in the PC’s Past?”
  434. ^ Roy A. Allan, A Bibliography of the Personal Computer [electronic resource]: the Books and Periodical Articles, Allan Publishing – 2006, p. 73
  435. ^ Jim Battle (August 9, 2008). “The Wang 2200”. Wang2200.org. Jim Battle. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  436. ^ Roy A. Allan, A Bibliography of the Personal Computer [electronic resource] : the Books and Periodical Articles, Allan Publishing – 2006, p. 80
  437. ^ The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge, Second Edition: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind (2007). Macmillan, p. 448.
  438. ^ Green, Wayne (February 1976). “Believe Me – I’m No Expert!”. 73 Magazine. No. 184. Peterborough, NH: 73, Inc. p. 89. Wayne Green visited MITS in August 1975 and interviewed Ed Roberts. Article has several paragraphs on the design of the Altair 8800.
  439. ^ Garland, Harry (March 1977). “Design Innovations in Personal Computers”. Computer. 10 (3): 24. doi:10.1109/c-m.1977.217669. ISSN 0018-9162. S2CID 32243439. Archived from the original on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2017-01-03. There is little question that the current enthusiasm in personal computing was catalyzed by the introduction of the MITS Altair computer kit in January 1975.
  440. ^ Dorf, Richard C., ed. The engineering handbook. CRC Press, 2004.
  441. ^ Ceruzzi, Paul E. (2003). A History of Modern Computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-262-53203-7. “This announcement [Altair 8800] ranks with IBM’s announcement of the System/360 a decade earlier as one of the most significant in the history of computing.”
  442. ^ Freiberger, Paul; Swaine, Michael (2000). Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-135892-7.
  443. ^ What’s New (February 1978), “Commodore Ships First PET Computers”, BYTE, 3 (2): 190 Commodore press release. “The PET computer made its debut recently as the first 100 units were shipped to waiting customers in mid-October 1977.”
  444. ^ “Apple II History”. Apple II History. 2008-11-04. Archived from the original on 2014-05-10. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  445. ^ “Joe’s Heathkit Computer Catalog Page”. www.classiccmp.org. Archived from the original on 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
  446. ^ “Heathkit H8”. vintagecomputer.com. 8 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  447. ^ “Heathkit H89 computer”. oldcomputers.net. Archived from the original on 2019-02-19. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  448. ^ “Sinclair Research website”. Archived from the original on 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  449. ^ Reimer, Jeremy (November 2, 2009). “Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004”. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  450. ^ Reimer, Jeremy (December 2, 2012). “Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004”. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2013-02-09.
  451. ^ CASS, STEPHEN (2023). “Hands On Yugoslavia’ｓ Home-Brewed Microcomputer”. IEEE Spectrum. 60 (8): 16–18.
  452. ^ “Computing Japan”. Computing Japan. 54–59: 18. 1999. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2012. …its venerable PC 9800 series, which has sold more than 18 million units over the years, and is the reason why NEC has been the number one PC vendor in Japan for as long as anyone can remember.
  453. ^ Polsson, Ken. “Chronology of Amiga Computers”. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  454. ^ “A Decade of Personal Computing”. Information Week. 5 August 1991. p. 24.
  455. ^ Angler, Martin. “Obituary: The PC is Dead”. JACKED IN. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  456. ^ Ralston, Anthony; Reilly, Edwin (1993). “Workstation”. Encyclopedia of Computer Science (Third ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN 978-0-442-27679-9.
  457. ^ Houghton, Andy. “Evolution of Custom Gaming PCs: What Really Made the Difference”. digitalstorm.com. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  458. ^ Scott Mueller, Upgrading and Repairing Laptops, Que Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0789728001, pp. 18–21
  459. ^ Gookin, Dan (2005). Laptops for Dummies. Wiley. pp. 7–17. ISBN 9780764575556 – via Google Books.
  460. ^ Desktop notebooks stake their claim, accessed October 19, 2007
  461. ^ Bott, Ed. “The PC was supposed to die a decade ago. Instead, this happened”. ZDNet. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  462. ^ Erica Ogg (August 20, 2009). “Time to drop the Netbook label”. CNN. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
  463. ^ “Light and Cheap, Netbooks Are Poised to Reshape PC Industry”, The New York Times, April 1, 2009, archived from the original on 2017-05-26, retrieved 2010-10-14, AT&T announced on Tuesday that customers in Atlanta could get a type of compact PC called a netbook for just 50 US$ if they signed up for an Internet service plan… ‘The era of a perfect Internet computer for 99 US$ is coming this year,’ said Jen-Hsun Huang, the chief executive of Nvidia, a maker of PC graphics chips that is trying to adapt to the new technological order.
  464. ^ New Windows Mobile 6 Devices :: Jun/Jul 2007 Archived March 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  465. ^ “Definition of PERIPHERAL”. Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2019-03-22. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  466. ^ “Wordreference.com: WordNet 2.0”. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. Archived from the original on 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  467. ^ “GUI Definition”. www.linfo.org. Archived from the original on 2018-11-01. Retrieved 2019-02-22.
  468. ^ Jump up to:a b Weik, Martin (2000). Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Boston, MA: Springer. ISBN 978-0-7923-8425-0.
  469. ^ “Application software”. ScienceDaily. Archived from the original on 2015-04-30.
  470. ^ Kinser, Jason (2015). Kinematic Labs with Mobile Devices. Morgan and Claypool. Bibcode:2015klmd.book…..K. doi:10.1088/978-1-6270-5628-1. ISBN 978-1-6270-5627-4.
  471. ^ Garrison, Bruce (1999). “Microsoft Office 2000 software suite”. World Communication: 105 – via Ebscohost.
  472. ^ “Global Games Market Revenues 2018 | Per Region & Segment”. Newzoo. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  473. ^ “Newzoo: Global esports market will exceed $1 billion in 2019”. GamesIndustry.biz. 12 February 2019. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  474. ^ “50 Years of Video Game Industry Revenues, by Platform”. visualcapitalist.com. 31 December 2023.
  475. ^ Chmielarz, Witold; Szumski, Oskar (2018). “Analysis of Selected Internet Platforms of Distributors of Computer Games in the Assessment of Users” (PDF). FedCSIS: 5 – via 2018 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems.
  476. ^ “RetroArch”. Steam. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  477. ^ Petrovskaya, Elena; Deterding, Sebastian; Zendle, David I (2022-04-29). “Prevalence and Salience of Problematic Microtransactions in Top-Grossing Mobile and PC Games: A Content Analysis of User Reviews”. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI ’22. New York, NY, US: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–12. doi:10.1145/3491102.3502056. hdl:10044/1/95775. ISBN 978-1-4503-9157-3.
  478. ^ Jump up to:a b Kanellos, Michael (June 30, 2002). “PCs: More than 1 billion served”. CNET News. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2001.
  479. ^ “Computers reach one billion mark”. BBC News. July 1, 2002. Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  480. ^ Global PC shipments grew 13.8 percent in 2010 – Gartner study Archived 2011-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, Jan 13, 2011, retrieved at September 12, 2011
  481. ^ Laptop Sales Soaring Amid Wider PC Growth: Gartner Archived 2011-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, May 27, 2010, Andy Patrizio, earthweb.com, retrieved at September 12, 2011
  482. ^ Worldwide PC Shipments in 2008 Archived 2011-12-27 at the Wayback Machine, March 16, 2009, ZDNet, retrieved at September 12, 2011
  483. ^ PC Sales Up for 2008, but Barely Archived 2012-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, January 14, 2009, Andy Patrizio, internetnews.com, retrieved at September 12, 2011
  484. ^ ISuppli Raises 2007 Computer Sales Forecast, pcworld.com, 2007-06-19, archived from the original on 2012-01-19, retrieved January 13, 2009
  485. ^ iSuppli raises 2007 computer sales forecast, Macworld UK, archived from the original on June 10, 2011, retrieved January 13, 2009
  486. ^ Global PC Sales Leveling Off, newsfactor.com, archived from the original on June 14, 2011, retrieved January 13, 2009
  487. ^ Jump up to:a b c HP back on top of PC market, archived from the original on November 18, 2014, retrieved January 13, 2009
  488. ^ Yates, Nona (January 24, 2000). “Dell Passes Compaq as Top PC Seller in U.S”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 27, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  489. ^ Economic recovery bumps AP 1999 PC shipments to record high, zdnetasia.com, retrieved January 13, 2009[dead link]
  490. ^ “Worldwide PC use to reach 1 billion by 2008: report”. CBC News. Archived from the original on August 23, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
  491. ^ “Gartner Says More than 1 Billion PCs in Use Worldwide and Headed to 2 Billion Units by 2014” (Press release). Gartner. June 23, 2008. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  492. ^ Tarmo Virki (June 23, 2008). “Computers in use pass 1 billion mark: Gartner”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 2009-09-19. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  493. ^ “4P Computing – Negroponte’s 14 Million Laptop Impact”. OLPC News. December 11, 2008. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  494. ^ Conrad H. Blickenstorfer. “Rugged PC leaders”. Ruggedpcreview.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  495. ^ Tablets, smartphones to outsell PCs https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110210/tc_afp/itinternettelecomequipmentmobileconsumerproduct Archived 2011-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
  496. ^ “Gartner Says Declining Worldwide PC Shipments in Fourth Quarter of 2012 Signal Structural Shift of PC Market”. Gartner.Com (Press release). January 14, 2013. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  497. ^ Jump up to:a b c d “Feeble PC industry stumbles to steep sales drop during first quarter as Windows makeover flops”. Washington Times. Associated Press. April 10, 2013. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  498. ^ Jump up to:a b Nick Wingfield (April 10, 2013). “PC Sales Still in a Slump, Despite New Offerings”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  499. ^ King, Ian; Frier, Sarah; Bass, Dina (August 24, 2013). “Steve Ballmer’s retirement leaves Microsoft in a replacement crisis”. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on August 24, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
  500. ^ “The Apple Vs. Samsung Title Fight for Mobile Supremacy”. The Financialist. Credit Suisse. August 8, 2013. Archived from the original on August 14, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.