Fundamental of computer and operating system

Mukesh Singh

Fundamental of computer and operating system

Fundamentals of computer

A computer is an electronic device that can perform different operations and process information. The basic components of a computer are:

  1. CPU (Central Processing Unit): It is the brain of the computer and performs all the calculations and logical operations.
  2. Memory: It is used to store data temporarily or permanently. RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory that stores data temporarily, whereas hard disk is a non-volatile memory that stores data permanently.
  3. Input Devices: They are used to input data into the computer. Examples are a keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
  4. Output Devices: They are used to display or output data from the computer. Examples are a monitor, printer, speaker, etc.
  5. Operating System: It is a software that manages the resources of the computer and provides an interface for the user to interact with the computer.

Fundamentals of Operating System:

An operating system (OS) is a software that manages the hardware resources of a computer and provides services to the user and other software programs. The fundamental functions of an operating system are:

  1. Resource Management: The operating system manages the resources of the computer such as CPU, memory, disk, and input/output devices.
  2. Process Management: The operating system manages the execution of processes or programs. It allocates resources to processes and ensures their proper execution.
  3. Memory Management: The operating system manages the memory of the computer by allocating and de allocating memory to processes.
  4. File Management: The operating system manages the files on the computer, such as creating, deleting, copying, and moving files.
  5. Security: The operating system provides security to the computer by protecting it from unauthorized access, viruses, and other malicious software.
  6. User Interface: The operating system provides a user interface for the user to interact with the computer. Examples are a graphical user interface (GUI) and a command-line interface (CL I).