Page Maker Innovation
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Wikipedia
Adobe PageMaker (formerly Aldus) is a discontinued desktop publishing computer program introduced in 1985 by the Aldus Corporation on the Apple Macintosh. The combination of the Macintosh’s graphical user interface, Page Maker publishing software, and the Apple Laser Writer laser printer marked the beginning of the desktop publishing revolution. Ported to PCs running Windows 1.0 in 1987, Page Maker helped to popularize both the Macintosh platform and the Windows environment.
A key component that led to Page Maker’s success was its native support for Adobe Systems’ PostScript page description language. After Adobe purchased the majority of Aldus’s assets (including Free Hand, Press Wise, Page Maker, etc.) in 1994 and subsequently phased out the Aldus name, version 6 was released. The program remained a major force in the high-end DTP market through the early 1990s, but new features were slow in coming. By the mid-1990s, it faced increasing competition from Quark X Press on the Mac, and to a lesser degree, Venture on the PC, and by the end of the decade it was no longer a major force. Quark proposed buying the product and cancelling it, but instead, in 1999 Adobe released their “Quark Killer”, Adobe In Design. The last major release of Page Maker came in 2001, and customers were offered In Design licenses at a lower cost.
Development of PageMaker had flagged in the later years at Aldus and, by 1998, PageMaker had lost almost the entire professional market to the comparatively feature-rich Quark X Press 3.3, released in 1992, and 4.0, released in 1996. Quark stated its intention to buy out Adobe and to divest the combined company of PageMaker to avoid anti-trust issues. Adobe rebuffed the offer and instead continued to work on a new page layout application code-named “Shuksan” (later “K2”), originally started by Al dus, openly planned and positioned as a “Quark killer”. This was released as Adobe In Design 1.0 in 1999.
The last major release of Page Maker was 7.0 in 2001, after which the product was seen as “languishing on life support”. Adobe ceased all development of Page Maker in 2004 and “strongly encouraged” users to migrate to In Design, initially through special “In Design Page Maker Edition” and “Page Maker Plug-in” versions, which added Page Maker’s data merge, bullet, and numbering features to In Design, and provided Page Maker-oriented help topics, complimentary Myriad Pro fonts, and templates. From 2005, these features were bundled into In Design CS2, which was offered at half-price to existing Page Maker customers.
No new major versions of Adobe Page Maker have been released since, and it does not ship alongside Adobe In Design.
Innovation economics is new and growing field of economic theory and applied and experimental economics that emphasizes innovation and entrepreneurship. It comprises both the application of any type of innovations, especially technological, but not only, into economic use, in classical economics this is the application of customer new technology into economic use; but also it could refer to the field of innovation and experimental economics that refers the new economic science developments that may be considered innovative. In his 1942 book Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, economist Joseph Schumpeter introduced the notion of an innovation economy. He argued that evolving institutions, entrepreneurs and technological changes were at the heart of economic growth. However, it is only in recent years that “innovation economy,” grounded in Schumpeter’s ideas, has become a mainstream concept”.